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      Classe política e crise da democracia na crítica de Antonio Gramsci Translated title: Political class and crisis of democracy in Gramsci’s critical analysis

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          Abstract

          Resumo No início dos anos 1880 um novo gênero de literatura política começou a ganhar vigor e a expandir-se, a análise crítica das democracias parlamentares existentes. Na Itália, esse gênero teve uma importante expressão na obra de Gaetano Mosca. Antonio Gramsci confrontará essa literatura, preocupado com sua reapropriação e revalorização no debate político a partir do imediato pré-guerra, quando a crise da democracia liberal assumiu contornos mais fortes. O artigo mostra como Gramsci traduz o conceito mosquiano de classe política como “a categoria intelectual do grupo social dominante” e integra-o à sua reflexão sobre os partidos políticos. Desse modo pode interpretar a crise do regime parlamentar como uma crise marcada pela decomposição dessa “categoria intelectual” e pela perda de sua capacidade dirigente. Aquilo que na teoria elitista aparecia como decomposição do princípio de autoridade era interpretada como uma crise de hegemonia, crise do Estado em seu conjunto, da qual o afastamento entre governantes e governados seria a manifestação mais evidente. Na seção conclusiva, apresenta-se a hipótese aventada nos Quaderni del carcere de um regime representativo não parlamentar.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract From the early 1880s on a new genre of political literature began to take hold and to expand in Italy: the critical analysis of the existing parliamentary democracies. This literary genre had an important expression in the work of Gaetano Mosca. Decades later, during the fascist era, Antonio Gramsci confront this literature in his Prison Notebooks, specially by reappropriating and revaluating the political debate of the immediate prewar period, when the crisis of liberal democracy took on stronger contours. The present article shows how Gramsci translates the Moschian concept of political class as “the intellectual category of the dominant social group” and integrates it to his own discussion about political parties in the prison writings. Gramsci interpretates the parliamentary crisis as a decomposition of this particular “intellectual category” and the loss of its leading capacity. What appeared as a decomposition of the principle of authority in the elitist theory is now discussed as a crisis of hegemony, a crisis of the State as a whole, from which the separation between rulers and ruled would be the most evident manifestation. In the concluding section is discussed the hypothesis proposed in the Quaderni del carcere of a non-parliamentary representative regime.

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          “Il libro di Pasquale Turiello”

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            “L’Action Française quotidienne a vingt anes”

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              “Verso l’edizione critica e integrale dei ‘Quaderni del carcere’”

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                s_ts
                Tempo Social
                Tempo soc.
                Departamento de Sociologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de Sâo Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0103-2070
                May 2019
                : 31
                : 2
                : 7-29
                Affiliations
                [1] Campinas São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Brazil
                Article
                S0103-20702019000200007
                10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2019.157651
                7b5c5b5c-9404-4f4d-a8f6-a748710b87a2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 May 2019
                : 02 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 23
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Dossiê - Gramsci hoje: Novas agendas de pesquisa

                Elitism,Antonio Gramsci,Crisis of democracy,Itália,Elitismo,Crise da democracia,Italy

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