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      Saliencia aberrante y componentes del modelo de Gray en el desarrollo de la sintomatología positiva Translated title: Aberrant salience and components of the Gray's model in the development of positive symptomatology

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          Abstract

          Resumen Recientemente, las investigaciones centradas en estudio de diversas psicopatologías. Apenas se ha investigado de las bases de la psicosis han puesto el acento en la sobre el papel de estos sistemas en la sintomatología saliencia aberrante (Kapur, 2003). Asimismo, se ha positiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el papel demostrado que los sistemas emocionales propuestos por Gray (1982), relacionados con la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa, influyen en el desarrollo mediador de la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en la relación entre la saliencia aberrante y la sintomatología positiva, entendida como ideas de referencia, ideas persecutorias y propensión alucinatoria en una muestra compuesta por 259 estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (España). Los resultados mostraron una mediación parcial de la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de mediación de las ideas de referencia, así como una mediación parcial de la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de la propensión alucinatoria. No obstante, no se observó mediación ni de la sensibilidad al castigo ni de la sensibilidad a la recompensa en el modelo de las ideas persecutorias. Según estos resultados, parecer ser que la sensibilidad al castigo y la sensibilidad a la recompensa son características básicas de la personalidad que podrían influir en el desarrollo de algunos síntomas positivos, y por ello, de la psicosis.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Recently, research focused on the study of the bases of psychosis has placed the accent on aberrant salience (Kapur, 2003). Likewise, it has been shown that the emotional systems proposed by Gray (1982), related to sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward, influence the development of various psychopathologies. The role of these systems in psychosis has hardly been investigated. The objective of this work was to study the mediating role of sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward in the relationship between aberrant salience and positive symptomatology, understood as ideas of reference, persecutory ideas and hallucinatory propensity in a sample composed of 259 students of the University of Seville (Spain). The results showed a partial mediation of the sensitivity to punishment and the sensitivity to reward in the mediation model of the ideas of reference, as well as a partial mediation of the SR in the model of the hallucinatory propensity. However, no mediation was observed neither of the sensitivity to punishment nor of the sensitivity to reward in the persecutory ideas model. According to these results, it seems that the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward are basic characteristics of the personality that could influence the development of some positive symptoms, and therefore, of psychosis.

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          Most cited references27

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          A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model of psychotic disorder.

          A systematic review of all reported incidence and prevalence studies of population rates of subclinical psychotic experiences reveals a median prevalence rate of around 5% and a median incidence rate of around 3%. A meta-analysis of risk factors reveals associations with developmental stage, child and adult social adversity, psychoactive drug use, and also male sex and migrant status. The small difference between prevalence and incidence rates, together with data from follow-up studies, indicates that approximately 75-90% of developmental psychotic experiences are transitory and disappear over time. There is evidence, however, that transitory developmental expression of psychosis (psychosis proneness) may become abnormally persistent (persistence) and subsequently clinically relevant (impairment), depending on the degree of environmental risk the person is additionally exposed to. The psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model considers genetic background factors impacting on a broadly distributed and transitory population expression of psychosis during development, poor prognosis of which, in terms of persistence and clinical need, is predicted by environmental exposure interacting with genetic risk.
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            Psychosis as a State of Aberrant Salience: A Framework Linking Biology, Phenomenology, and Pharmacology in Schizophrenia

            The clinical hallmark of schizophrenia is psychosis. The objective of this overview is to link the neurobiology (brain), the phenomenological experience (mind), and pharmacological aspects of psychosis-in-schizophrenia into a unitary framework.
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              The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acp
                Acción Psicológica
                Acción psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1578-908X
                2255-1271
                June 2019
                : 16
                : 1
                : 75-90
                Affiliations
                [1] Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla Spain
                [2] orgnameUniversdad de Cádiz España
                Article
                S1578-908X2019000100006 S1578-908X(19)01600100006
                10.5944/ap.16.1.22205
                7b607288-20f7-4997-9e1b-572ed8e42141

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 September 2018
                : 11 June 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos de temática libre

                Personality,Psychosis,Positive symptomatology,Sensitivity to reward,Sensitivity to punishment,Aberrant salience,Psicosis,Sintomatología positiva,Sensibilidad a la recompensa,Sensibilidad al castigo,Personalidad,Saliencia aberrante

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