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      Study of the effects of anchorage in judicial judgements in child custody dispute proceedings Translated title: Estudio de los efectos del anclaje en razonamientos judiciales en casos de disputa por la guardia y custodia

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          Abstract

          Abstract Judicial judgment and decision making should be sustained in formal or statistical reasoning, avoiding biased reasoning. Thus, judicial reasoning should not contain any bias. A profusely studied source of bias is anchorage implying a cognitive saving by accepting the initial hypothesis without confirming it and rejecting other information or alternative hypotheses though they may be relevant to the task at hand. As for knowing the prevalence and effects of anchored sentences in family cases' judicial sentences, 811 Spanish custody dispute sentences were randomly selected from the CENDOJ data base. Anchorage was measured through initial claimant in child custody dispute (first instance court) or prior judicial decision-making (appeal court). The results stated that 70.2 % of the judicial sentences were anchored. A systematic content analysis of the sentences gave support to the hypothesis that anchorage provides judges and courts a skill to save cognitive activity (about 12 %). Moreover, anchored sentences contained significantly fewer reasoning favourable to custody; fewer idiosyncratic information i.e., own reasoning of the judge; and fewer contextual information i.e., less evidence-based. The implications for judicial judgment and decision are discussed, as well as the possibilities to control the anchorage prevalence in judicial sentences.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen La formación de juicios y la toma de decisiones judiciales deberían estar sustentadas en razonamientos formales o estadísticos, y no en razonamientos sesgados de modo que no deberían contener razonamientos sesgados. Una fuente de sesgo profusamente estudiada en la literatura es el anclaje que implica un ahorro cognitivo al aceptar la hipótesis inicial sin confirmarla y rechazar información o hipótesis alternativas, aunque puedan resultar relevantes para el juicio o decisión. Para conocer de la prevalencia y los efectos del anclaje en sentencias judiciales de casos de familia, seleccionamos al azar 811 sentencias en disputa por la guarda y custodia de la base de datos del CENDOJ. El anclaje se midió a través de la demanda inicial en la disputa por la custodia (juzgado de familia) o en la decisión del tribunal previo (apelaciones). Los resultados mostraron que el 70.2 % las decisiones estaban ancladas. Un análisis de contenido sistemático de las sentencias prestó apoyo a la hipótesis de que el anclaje sirve a jueces y tribunales como herramienta para el ahorro cognitivo (alrededor del 12 %). Además, las sentencias ancladas contenían significativamente menos razonamientos favorables a la custodia; menos información idiosincrásica, o sea, razonamientos propios del juez; y menos información contextual, esto es, menos prueba basada en evidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la formación de juicios y toma de decisiones judiciales, así como las opciones de mitigar sus efectos.

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          Most cited references33

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          Children of divorce in the 1990s: an update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis.

          P. Amato (2001)
          The present study updates the P. R. Amato and B. Keith (1991) meta-analysis of children and divorce with a new analysis of 67 studies published in the 1990s. Compared with children with continuously married parents, children with divorced parents continued to score significantly lower on measures of academic achievement, conduct, psychological adjustment, self-concept, and social relations. After controlling for study characteristics, curvilinear trends with respect to decade of publication were present for academic achievement, psychological well-being, self-concept, and social relations. For these outcomes, the gap between children with divorced and married parents decreased during the 1980s and increased again during the 1990s.
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            Estimating the Effects of Parental Divorce and Death With Fixed Effects Models

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acp
                Acción Psicológica
                Acción psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1578-908X
                2255-1271
                December 2017
                : 14
                : 2
                : 147-156
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela orgdiv1Unidade de Psicoloxía Forense España
                [3] Aragón orgnameUniversidad de Zaragoza orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología y Sociología Spain
                [1] Galicia orgnameUniversidade de Vigo orgdiv1Departamento AIPSE Spain
                Article
                S1578-908X2017000200010 S1578-908X(17)01400200010
                10.5944/ap.14.2.21239
                7b763c4a-82c5-4205-a93d-eadbf51883ad

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 June 2017
                : 28 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Monographic Articles

                Cognitive activity,Disputa por la custodia,Actividad cognitiva,Sentencias,Heurísticos,Anclaje,Custody dispute,Anchorage,Heuristics,Judicial sentences

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