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      Effects of Trophy Hunting on Lion and Leopard Populations in Tanzania : Trophy Hunting of Lions and Leopards

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      Conservation Biology
      Wiley

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          Patterns of predation in a diverse predator-prey system.

          There are many cases where animal populations are affected by predators and resources in terrestrial ecosystems, but the factors that determine when one or the other predominates remain poorly understood. Here we show, using 40 years of data from the highly diverse mammal community of the Serengeti ecosystem, East Africa, that the primary cause of mortality for adults of a particular species is determined by two factors--the species diversity of both the predators and prey and the body size of that prey species relative to other prey and predators. Small ungulates in Serengeti are exposed to more predators, owing to opportunistic predation, than are larger ungulates; they also suffer greater predation rates, and experience strong predation pressure. A threshold occurs at prey body sizes of approximately 150 kg, above which ungulate species have few natural predators and exhibit food limitation. Thus, biodiversity allows both predation (top-down) and resource limitation (bottom-up) to act simultaneously to affect herbivore populations. This result may apply generally in systems where there is a diversity of predators and prey.
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            Avoiding Pitfalls When Using Information-Theoretic Methods

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              Accelerated human population growth at protected area edges.

              Protected areas (PAs) have long been criticized as creations of and for an elite few, where associated costs, but few benefits, are borne by marginalized rural communities. Contrary to predictions of this argument, we found that average human population growth rates on the borders of 306 PAs in 45 countries in Africa and Latin America were nearly double average rural growth, suggesting that PAs attract, rather than repel, human settlement. Higher population growth on PA edges is evident across ecoregions, countries, and continents and is correlated positively with international donor investment in national conservation programs and an index of park-related funding. These findings provide insight on the value of PAs for local people, but also highlight a looming threat to PA effectiveness and biodiversity conservation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Conservation Biology
                Wiley
                08888892
                February 2011
                February 2011
                September 02 2010
                : 25
                : 1
                : 142-153
                Article
                10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01576.x
                20825444
                7b7ad579-ebbd-47a5-83bb-2f77c048aa57
                © 2010

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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