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      Whiplash-Associated Dysphagia: Considerations of Potential Incidence and Mechanisms

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          Incidence and total lifetime costs of motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injury by road user type, United States, 2005.

          To estimate the costs of motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injuries in the United States in terms of medical care and lost productivity by road user type. Incidence and cost data for 2005 were derived from several data sources. Unit costs were calculated for medical spending and productivity losses for fatal and nonfatal injuries, and unit costs were multiplied by incidence to yield total costs. Injury incidence and costs are presented by age, sex, and road user type. Motor vehicle-related fatal and nonfatal injury costs exceeded $99 billion. Costs associated with motor vehicle occupant fatal and nonfatal injuries accounted for 71 percent ($70 billion) of all motor vehicle-related costs, followed by costs associated with motorcyclists ($12 billion), pedestrians ($10 billion), and pedalcyclists ($5 billion). The substantial economic and societal costs associated with these injuries and deaths reinforce the need to implement evidence-based, cost-effective strategies. Evidence-based strategies that target increasing seat belt use, increasing child safety seat use, increasing motorcyclist and pedalcyclist helmet use, and decreasing alcohol-impaired driving are available.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Journal
            Dysphagia
            Dysphagia
            Springer Science and Business Media LLC
            0179-051X
            1432-0460
            June 2020
            August 3 2019
            June 2020
            : 35
            : 3
            : 403-413
            Article
            10.1007/s00455-019-10039-4
            31377863
            7b8b7dde-d394-40ba-b37a-6fa37935dcab
            © 2020

            http://www.springer.com/tdm

            http://www.springer.com/tdm

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