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      A revelação do diagnóstico na perspectiva dos adolescentes vivendo com HIV/AIDS e seus pais e cuidadores Translated title: Disclosure of HIV infection from the perspective of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS and their parents and caregivers

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar aspectos da revelação do diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV a crianças e adolescentes relevantes para a melhoria do cuidado de sua saúde. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo envolvendo entrevistas em profundidade e grupo focal com adolescentes vivendo com HIV/AIDS e seus pais ou cuidadores, em serviços de referência nas cidades de São Paulo e Santos, Brasil. Os resultados apontam como principais razões para a revelação: má adesão ao tratamento, iminência de início da vida sexual, demanda da criança ou adolescente e abordagem inadequada de profissional. A revelação mostrou-se momento crítico, com repercussões sobre projetos e horizontes de vida dos adolescentes. As mais problemáticas foram narradas por adolescentes infectados por via sexual e por uso de drogas. Apesar do impacto negativo inicial, a revelação repercutiu positivamente sobre os cuidados de saúde, com melhoria do diálogo com cuidadores e serviços. Os adolescentes enfatizaram ainda a necessidade de receber informações claras e honestas. Conclui-se pela necessidade de otimizar o processo de revelação, tratando-o como tarefa de longo prazo, negociada ativamente com a família e conduzida por equipes multidisciplinares.

          Translated abstract

          The purpose of this study was to identify relevant issues in the disclosure of HIV-positive status in children and adolescents, aiming to improve the quality of their healthcare. A qualitative study included adolescents living with HIV/ AIDS and their parents and caregivers at AIDS reference services in São Paulo and Santos, Brazil. In-depth interviews and focus group were used. The main reasons for disclosure were: poor treatment adherence, sexual maturity, adolescent's request, and inadequate procedures by medical staff. Disclosure was a critical moment for adolescents, with a strong impact on their life plans and horizons. Adolescents infected through sexual transmission and drug use reported the most problematic scenes involved in disclosure. Despite its initial negative impact, disclosure resulted in improved healthcare and better dialogue among the adolescents, caregivers, and healthcare providers. The adolescents also requested clear, no-nonsense, honest information. The authors conclude that health services need to actively provide an adequate approach to facilitate disclosure of HIV-positive status to children and adolescents, realizing that it is a long-term process supported by the family and a multidisciplinary team.

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          Most cited references35

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          O desafio do conhecimento:: pesquisa qualitativa em saúde.

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            Perceptions of children with HIV infection when not told for so long: implications for diagnosis disclosure.

            The perceptions of school-aged children with HIV infection about their illness were evaluated in light of parental/guardians communication about the child's diagnosis to clarify guidelines for disclosure. An innovative, qualitative research design using methods of grounded theory and projective drawings involved 12 children and 13 parents/guardians from a West Coast Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial treatment center. A specific process of interaction between parents/guardians and children, when not told for so long, emerged as the central phenomenon of the study. Parents/guardians kept the children's HIV infection secret for 2 to 8 years after diagnosis. Regardless of disclosure status, the children's drawings and conversations suggested severe emotional distress, disturbed self-image, and social isolation. Parents and guardians were unaware of their children's concerns. Although other circumstances of the children's lives contributed to their poor psychosocial adjustment, the long interval of silence about the illness also played a part in their poor adjustment. Parents/guardians did not recognize when their children needed more supportive information. Pediatric clinicians should therefore continually assess children's psychosocial adjustment to guide families through the disclosure process. The use of projective drawing techniques can facilitate this process.
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              Teoria da interpretação

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                March 2006
                : 22
                : 3
                : 619-629
                Affiliations
                [05] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameSecretaria da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo orgdiv1Centro de Referência em DST/AIDS Brazil
                [04] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Saúde Pública Brazil
                [03] São Paulo orgnameInstituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas Brasil
                [02] Santos orgnamePrograma Municipal de DST/AIDS Brasil
                [06] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Instituto de Psicologia Brazil
                [01] São Paulo Brasil orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina
                Article
                S0102-311X2006000300017 S0102-311X(06)02200317
                10.1590/S0102-311X2006000300017
                7ba54c22-5343-443b-9d89-bb9ca90dcdb4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 January 2005
                : 05 July 2005
                : 12 August 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                Clinical Diagnosis,Diagnóstico Clínico,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome,Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida,Adolescentes,Adolescents

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