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      Fat mass index performs best in monitoring management of obesity in prepubertal children, Translated title: Índice de massa gorda apresenta melhor desempenho no monitoramento do tratamento da obesidade em crianças pré-púberes,

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective An early and accurate recognition of success in treating obesity may increase the compliance of obese children and their families to intervention programs. This observational, prospective study aimed to evaluate the ability and the time to detect a significant reduction of adiposity estimated by body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), and fat mass index (FMI) during weight management in prepubertal obese children. Methods In a cohort of 60 prepubertal obese children aged 3–9 years included in an outpatient weight management program, BMI, %FM, and FMI were monitored monthly; the last two measurements were assessed using air displacement plethysmography. The outcome measures were the reduction of >5% of each indicator and the time to achieve it. Results The rate of detection of the outcome was 33.3% (95% CI: 25.9–41.6) using BMI, significantly lower (p < 0.001) than either 63.3% using %FM (95% CI: 50.6–74.8) or 70.0% (95% CI: 57.5–80.1) using FMI. The median time to detect the outcome was 71 days using FMI, shorter than 88 days using %FM, and similar to 70 days using BMI. The agreement between the outcome detected by FMI and by %FM was high (kappa 0.701), but very low between the success detected by BMI and either FMI (kappa 0.231) or %FM (kappa 0.125). Conclusions FMI achieved the best combination of ability and swiftness to identify reduction of adiposity during monitoring of weight management in prepubertal obese children.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo O reconhecimento precoce e preciso do sucesso no tratamento da obesidade pode aumentar a adesão de crianças obesas e suas famílias a programas de intervenção. Este estudo observacional prospectivo visa a avaliar a capacidade e o tempo de detecção de uma redução significativa na adiposidade estimada pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) no percentual de massa gorda (% MG) e no índice de massa gorda (IMG) durante o controle de peso em crianças obesas pré-púberes. Métodos Em uma coorte de 60 crianças obesas pré-púberes entre três e nove anos, incluídas em um programa ambulatorial de controle de peso, o IMC, o % MG e o IMG foram monitorados mensalmente e as duas últimas medições avaliadas foram feitas com pletismografia por deslocamento de ar. As medições resultantes foram redução de > 5% de cada indicador e atingir o tempo para tanto. Resultados A taxa de detecção do resultado foi de 33,3% (IC de 95% 25,9-41,6) com o uso de IMC, significativamente menor (p < 0,001) do que 63,3% com % MG (IC de 95% 50,6-74,8) ou 70,0% (IC de 95% 57,5-80,1) com IMG. O tempo médio para detectar o resultado foi de 71 dias com o IMG, menos do que 88 dias com %MG e semelhante a 70 dias com o IMC. A concordância entre o resultado detectado pelo IMG e pelo % MG foi elevada (kappa 0,701), porém muito baixa entre o sucesso detectado pelo IMC e pelo IMG (kappa 0,231) ou %MG (kappa 0,125). Conclusões O IMG atingiu a melhor combinação de capacidade e precocidade para identificar redução na adiposidade durante o monitoramento do controle de peso em crianças obesas pré-púberes.

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          Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity : Extended international BMI cut-offs

          The international (International Obesity Task Force; IOTF) body mass index (BMI) cut-offs are widely used to assess the prevalence of child overweight, obesity and thinness. Based on data from six countries fitted by the LMS method, they link BMI values at 18 years (16, 17, 18.5, 25 and 30 kg m(-2)) to child centiles, which are averaged across the countries. Unlike other BMI references, e.g. the World Health Organization (WHO) standard, these cut-offs cannot be expressed as centiles (e.g. 85th). To address this, we averaged the previously unpublished L, M and S curves for the six countries, and used them to derive new cut-offs defined in terms of the centiles at 18 years corresponding to each BMI value. These new cut-offs were compared with the originals, and with the WHO standard and reference, by measuring their prevalence rates based on US and Chinese data. The new cut-offs were virtually identical to the originals, giving prevalence rates differing by < 0.2% on average. The discrepancies were smaller for overweight and obesity than for thinness. The international and WHO prevalences were systematically different before/after age 5. Defining the international cut-offs in terms of the underlying LMS curves has several benefits. New cut-offs are easy to derive (e.g. BMI 35 for morbid obesity), and they can be expressed as BMI centiles (e.g. boys obesity = 98.9th centile), allowing them to be compared with other BMI references. For WHO, median BMI is relatively low in early life and high at older ages, probably due to its method of construction. © 2012 The Authors. Pediatric Obesity © 2012 International Association for the Study of Obesity.
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            Enrolment and baseline characteristics in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study.

            (2006)
            To describe the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) sample with regard to screening, recruitment, compliance, sample retention and baseline characteristics. A multi-country community-based study combining a longitudinal follow-up from birth to 24 mo with a cross-sectional survey of children aged 18 to 71 mo. Study subpopulations had to have socio-economic conditions favourable to growth, low mobility and > or = 20% of mothers practising breastfeeding. Individual inclusion criteria were no known environmental constraints on growth, adherence to MGRS feeding recommendations, no maternal smoking, single term birth and no significant morbidity. For the longitudinal sample, mothers and newborns were screened and enrolled at birth and visited 21 times at home until age 24 mo. About 83% of 13 741 subjects screened for the longitudinal component were ineligible and 5% refused to participate. Low socioeconomic status was the predominant reason for ineligibility in Brazil, Ghana, India and Oman, while parental refusal was the main reason for non-participation in Norway and USA. Overall, 88.5% of enrolled subjects completed the 24-mo follow-up, and 51% (888) complied with the MGRS feeding and no-smoking criteria. For the cross-sectional component, 69% of 21 510 subjects screened were excluded for similar reasons as for the longitudinal component. Although low birthweight was not an exclusion criterion, its prevalence was low (2.1% and 3.2% in the longitudinal and cross-sectional samples, respectively). Parental education was high, between 14 and 15 y of education on average. The MGRS criteria were effective in selecting healthy children with comparable affluent backgrounds across sites and similar characteristics between longitudinal and cross-sectional samples within sites.
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              Dietary Guidelines for Americans

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria
                1678-4782
                August 2016
                : 92
                : 4
                : 421-426
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Portugal
                [2 ] Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Portugal
                [3 ] Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Portugal
                Article
                S0021-75572016000500421
                10.1016/j.jped.2015.11.003
                7ba8e02a-95ef-41a1-adcb-65259ceedd63

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0021-7557&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Índice de massa corporal,Índice de massa gorda,Monitoramento,Percentual de massa gorda,Crianças pré-púberes,Obesidade,Body mass index,Fat mass index,Monitoring,Percentage of fat mass,Prepubertal children,Obesity

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