To determine if reducing missed therapy sessions by patients requiring hemodialysis will reduce the length of stay (LOS) and improve the efficiency of care in an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Retrospective study. Inpatient rehabilitation unit at a university medical center. All patients discharged from the Albany Medical Center rehabilitation unit between January 1, 2003, and June 30, 2004. The total number of patients was 955, 40 of whom required hemodialysis. On January 1, 2003, Albany Medical Center began providing hemodialysis in the late afternoon, allowing patients to complete a full 3-hour program without missing therapy sessions to attend dialysis. We compared the outcomes of 915 patients who did not require hemodialysis with the outcomes of 40 patients who required hemodialysis. We also compared the outcomes of patients treated on the rehabilitation unit in 2003-2004 to the outcomes of patients treated on the rehabilitation unit before dialysis was available at times that did not conflict with therapy (calendar year 2001). LOS, improvement on the FIM instrument, and FIM efficiency score. The LOS of the hemodialysis patients changed from 16.0 in 2001 to 12.1 in 2003-2004 (P<.05), and the FIM efficiency score of the hemodialysis patients improved from 1.8 in 2001 to 2.9 in 2003-2004 (P<.05). The FIM efficiency score of the nondialysis group in 2003-2004 was 4.0. This was significantly greater (P<.05) than that of dialysis patients in 2003-2004. A program to reduce conflicts between medical treatments such as hemodialysis and therapy sessions may result in reduced LOS and improved efficiency on an inpatient rehabilitation unit.