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      Etiopathogenetic Mechanisms in Diverticular Disease of the Colon

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          Abstract

          This article reviews epidemiological evidence of heritability and putative mechanisms in diverticular disease, with greatest attention to 3 recent studies of genetic associations with diverticular disease based on genome-wide or whole-genome sequencing studies in large patient cohorts. We provide an analysis of the biological plausibility of the significant associations with gene variants reported and highlight the relevance of ANO1, CPI-17 (aka PPP1R14A), COLQ6, COL6A1, CALCB or CALCA, COL6A1, ARHGAP15, and S100A10 to colonic neuromuscular function and tissue properties that may result in altered compliance and predispose to the development of diverticular disease. Such studies also identify candidate genes for future studies.

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          Most cited references132

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          Gpr158 mediates osteocalcin’s regulation of cognition

          This study by Khrimian et al. demonstrates that the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin is necessary and sufficient to correct age-related cognitive decline in the mouse. It also provides genetic, molecular, and neurophysiological evidence that Gpr158 is the receptor mediating osteocalcin’s regulation of cognition.
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            Genome-wide association study identifies distinct genetic contributions to prognosis and susceptibility in Crohn's disease

            James Lee, Kenneth Smith and colleagues report a within-cases genome-wide association analysis for Crohn's disease to identify genetic loci specifically associated with disease severity and outcome. They find four loci associated with prognosis, none of which is associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease.
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              The collagen VI-related myopathies: muscle meets its matrix.

              The collagen VI-related myopathy known as Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is an early-onset disease that combines substantial muscle weakness with striking joint laxity and progressive contractures. Patients might learn to walk in early childhood; however, this ability is subsequently lost, concomitant with the development of frequent nocturnal respiratory failure. Patients with intermediate phenotypes of collagen VI-related myopathy display a lesser degree of weakness and a longer period of ambulation than do individuals with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, and the spectrum of disease finally encompasses mild Bethlem myopathy, in which ambulation persists into adulthood. Dominant and recessive autosomal mutations in the three major collagen VI genes-COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3-can underlie this entire clinical spectrum, and result in deficient or dysfunctional microfibrillar collagen VI in the extracellular matrix of muscle and other connective tissues, such as skin and tendons. The potential effects on muscle include progressive dystrophic changes, fibrosis and evidence for increased apoptosis, which potentially open avenues for pharmacological intervention. Optimized respiratory management, including noninvasive nocturnal ventilation together with careful orthopedic management, are the current mainstays of treatment and have already led to a considerable improvement in life expectancy for children with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
                Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol
                Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
                Elsevier
                2352-345X
                2020
                25 July 2019
                : 9
                : 1
                : 15-32
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
                [2 ]Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
                Author notes
                [] Correspondence Address correspondence to: Anne F. Peery, MD, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, CB#7080, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7080. fax: (919) 966–8929. anne_peery@ 123456med.unc.edu
                Article
                S2352-345X(19)30095-5
                10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.07.007
                6881605
                31351939
                7bdd1b13-d76e-4104-9092-80b7940d8e96
                © 2019 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 April 2019
                : 18 July 2019
                Categories
                Review

                diverticulum,diverticulitis,diverticular hemorrhage
                diverticulum, diverticulitis, diverticular hemorrhage

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