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      ¿Quién ganó y quién perdió con el TLCAN? Resultados del comercio bilateral México-Estados Unidos sobre la producción, el empleo y la distribución del ingreso Translated title: Who won and who lost with NAFTA? Results of bilateral trade Mexico-USA on production, employment and income distribution

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          Abstract

          Resumen Desde el inicio de su gobierno en 2017, el entonces presidente de los Estados Unidos Donald Trump expresó su desagrado con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Según él mismo señalaba, éste había sido injusto para la economía estadunidense. En consecuencia, su gobierno inició un proceso de renegociación de dicho tratado en la segunda parte de ese año. Aunque el TLCAN ha sido muy examinado, ha habido pocos estudios de análisis estructural. Este tipo de enfoque nos permite medir los efectos del comercio en variables económicas importantes, como el empleo y el valor agregado (VA), mediante todos los sectores de la economía. En este trabajo utilizamos un modelo de insumo-producto para México y los Estados Unidos en dos años: 1992 y 2014. Los resultados apuntan a que, si bien México se benefició más del comercio bilateral en materia de empleo y de VA, la distribución del VA fue más favorable para las empresas estadunidenses que para los trabajadores mexicanos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Since the beginning of his administration in 2017, the then President of the United States Donald Trump expressed his displeasure with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). He argued that it had been unfair to the U. S. economy. Thus, the administration pressed for a renegotiation of the treaty in the second part of that same year. Although there have been many studies of NAFTA, few of them utilized an input-output model. This type of analysis allows us to measure the impacts of foreign trade flows of each economy through all the sectors of its structure. Here, we used an input-output model for the U. S. and Mexico to analyze the impacts of their bilateral trade on income and labor in each economy, in 1992 and 2014. The results show that while Mexico benefited more in labor and value-added generated by bilateral trade with the U. S., the distribution of value-added gains was more favorable to U. S. businesses than to Mexican workers.

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          An Illustrated User Guide to the World Input-Output Database: the Case of Global Automotive Production

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            The China Shock: Learning from Labor-Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade

            China's emergence as a great economic power has induced an epochal shift in patterns of world trade. Simultaneously, it has challenged much of the received empirical wisdom about how labor markets adjust to trade shocks. Alongside the heralded consumer benefits of expanded trade are substantial adjustment costs and distributional consequences. These impacts are most visible in the local labor markets in which the industries exposed to foreign competition are concentrated. Adjustment in local labor markets is remarkably slow, with wages and labor-force participation rates remaining depressed and unemployment rates remaining elevated for at least a full decade after the China trade shock commences. Exposed workers experience greater job churning and reduced lifetime income. At the national level, employment has fallen in the US industries more exposed to import competition, as expected, but offsetting employment gains in other industries have yet to materialize. Better understanding when and where trade is costly, and how and why it may be beneficial, is a key item on the research agenda for trade and labor economists.
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              Kicking Away the Ladder—Development Strategy in Historical Perspective

                Author and article information

                Journal
                ete
                El trimestre económico
                El trimestre econ
                Fondo de Cultura Económica (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0041-3011
                2448-718X
                December 2021
                : 88
                : 352
                : 1099-1120
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Posgrado en Economía Mexico ruizna@ 123456unam.mx
                Article
                S2448-718X2021000401099 S2448-718X(21)08835201099
                10.20430/ete.v88i352.1272
                7c272e8e-6169-48dc-8f91-4e73d2c0e8c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 March 2021
                : 13 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 22
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                value-added,acuerdo de libre comercio,insumo-producto,exportaciones,empleo,valor agregado,Free trade agreement,input-output,exports,employment

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