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      Single-Case Experimental Designs to Evaluate Novel Technology-Based Health Interventions

      research-article
      , PhD 1 , , , MS 1 , , PhD 2
      (Reviewer), (Reviewer), (Reviewer), (Reviewer)
      Journal of Medical Internet Research
      Gunther Eysenbach
      Research design, technology, mHealth, single-case design, preliminary efficacy

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          Abstract

          Technology-based interventions to promote health are expanding rapidly. Assessing the preliminary efficacy of these interventions can be achieved by employing single-case experiments (sometimes referred to as n-of-1 studies). Although single-case experiments are often misunderstood, they offer excellent solutions to address the challenges associated with testing new technology-based interventions. This paper provides an introduction to single-case techniques and highlights advances in developing and evaluating single-case experiments, which help ensure that treatment outcomes are reliable, replicable, and generalizable. These advances include quality control standards, heuristics to guide visual analysis of time-series data, effect size calculations, and statistical analyses. They also include experimental designs to isolate the active elements in a treatment package and to assess the mechanisms of behavior change. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues related to the generality of findings derived from single-case research and how generality can be established through replication and through analysis of behavioral mechanisms.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Med Internet Res
                J. Med. Internet Res
                JMIR
                Journal of Medical Internet Research
                Gunther Eysenbach (JMIR Publications Inc., Toronto, Canada )
                1439-4456
                1438-8871
                February 2013
                08 February 2013
                : 15
                : 2
                : e22
                Affiliations
                [1] 1University of Florida Department of Psychology Gainesville, FLUnited States
                [2] 2Rowan University Department of Psychology Glassboro, NJUnited States
                Article
                v15i2e22
                10.2196/jmir.2227
                3636286
                23399668
                7c325d22-8887-4512-9a44-878e98ef085f
                ©Jesse Dallery, Rachel N. Cassidy, Bethany R. Raiff. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 08.02.2013.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

                History
                : 21 June 2012
                : 31 August 2012
                : 11 October 2012
                : 08 November 2012
                Categories
                Tutorial

                Medicine
                research design,technology,mhealth,single-case design,preliminary efficacy
                Medicine
                research design, technology, mhealth, single-case design, preliminary efficacy

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