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      Genome Sequences of Streptomyces Phages Amela and Verse

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          Abstract

          Amela and Verse are two Streptomyces phages isolated by enrichment on Streptomyces venezuelae (ATCC 10712) from two different soil samples. Amela has a genome length of 49,452, with 75 genes. Verse has a genome length of 49,483, with 75 genes. Both belong to the BD3 subcluster of Actinobacteriophage.

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          Streptomyces temperate bacteriophage integration systems for stable genetic engineering of actinomycetes (and other organisms).

          R Baltz (2012)
          ϕC31, ϕBT1, R4, and TG1 are temperate bacteriophages with broad host specificity for species of the genus Streptomyces. They form lysogens by integrating site-specifically into diverse attB sites located within individual structural genes that map to the conserved core region of streptomycete linear chromosomes. The target genes containing the ϕC31, ϕBT1, R4, and TG1 attB sites encode a pirin-like protein, an integral membrane protein, an acyl-CoA synthetase, and an aminotransferase, respectively. These genes are highly conserved within the genus Streptomyces, and somewhat conserved within other actinomycetes. In each case, integration is mediated by a large serine recombinase that catalyzes unidirectional recombination between the bacteriophage attP and chromosomal attB sites. The unidirectional nature of the integration mechanism has been exploited in genetic engineering to produce stable recombinants of streptomycetes, other actinomycetes, eucaryotes, and archaea. The ϕC31 attachment/integration (Att/Int) system has been the most widely used, and it has been coupled with the ϕBT1 Att/Int system to facilitate combinatorial biosynthesis of novel lipopeptide antibiotics in Streptomyces fradiae.
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            Evolutionary relationships among actinophages and a putative adaptation for growth in Streptomyces spp.

            The genome sequences of eight Streptomyces phages are presented, four of which were isolated for this study. Phages R4, TG1, Hau3, and SV1 were isolated previously and have been exploited as tools for understanding and genetically manipulating Streptomyces spp. We also extracted five apparently intact prophages from recent Streptomyces spp. genome projects and, together with six phage genomes in the database, we analyzed all 19 Streptomyces phage genomes with a view to understanding their relationships to each other and to other actinophages, particularly the mycobacteriophages. Fifteen of the Streptomyces phages group into four clusters of related genomes. Although the R4-like phages do not share nucleotide sequence similarity with other phages, they clearly have common ancestry with cluster A mycobacteriophages, sharing many protein homologues, common gene syntenies, and similar repressor-stoperator regulatory systems. The R4-like phage Hau3 and the prophage StrepC.1 (from Streptomyces sp. strain C) appear to have hijacked a unique adaptation of the streptomycetes, i.e., use of the rare UUA codon, to control translation of the essential phage protein, the terminase. The Streptomyces venezuelae generalized transducing phage SV1 was used to predict the presence of other generalized transducing phages for different Streptomyces species.
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              Genome Sequence of a New Streptomyces coelicolor Generalized Transducing Bacteriophage, ϕCAM

              Streptomyces coelicolor is a model system for the study of Streptomyces , a genus of bacteria responsible for the production of many clinically important antibiotics. Here we report the genome sequence of ϕCAM, a new S. coelicolor generalized transducing bacteriophage, isolated from a soil sample originating from Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. Many open reading frames within ϕCAM shared high levels of similarity to a prophage from Salinispora tropica and a putative prophage in Streptomyces sp. strain C.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Genome Announc
                Genome Announc
                ga
                ga
                GA
                Genome Announcements
                American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                2169-8287
                18 February 2016
                Jan-Feb 2016
                : 4
                : 1
                : e01589-15
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
                [b ]Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Lee E. Hughes, lhughes@ 123456unt.edu .
                [*]

                Present address: Charles A. Bowman, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.

                Article
                genomeA01589-15
                10.1128/genomeA.01589-15
                4759063
                26893416
                7c4daca3-5de5-4e7a-ba93-50eb2398a2cb
                Copyright © 2016 Layton et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

                History
                : 17 November 2015
                : 5 January 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 3, Pages: 1, Words: 908
                Funding
                Funded by: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000011
                Award ID: 52006955
                Award Recipient : Lee Hughes
                The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
                Categories
                Viruses
                Custom metadata
                January/February 2016

                Genetics
                Genetics

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