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      Knowledge and adherence to antihypertensive therapy in primary care: results of a randomized trial Translated title: Conocimiento y adherencia a la terapia antihipertensiva en atención primaria: resultados de un ensayo clínico

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          Abstract

          Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a healthcare education program for patients with hypertension. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, cluster-randomized trial was conducted. Randomization was by primary care center; 18 of 36 urban primary care centers in Barcelona and its metropolitan area were randomized to the intervention group (IG) and 18 to the control group (CG). The study sample consisted of patients with hypertension (n=996; 515 in the IG and 481 in the CG) receiving outpatient treatment with antihypertensive drugs. The intervention consisted of personalized information by a trained nurse and written leaflets. Questionnaires on knowledge and awareness of hypertension and its medication, treatment adherence, healthy lifestyle habits, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index were assessed at each visit, with a 12-month follow-up. An intention-to-treat analysis was applied. Results: Knowledge of hypertension increased by 27.8% in the IG and by 18.5% in the CG, while that of medication increased by 10.1% in the IG and 5.5% in the CG. Treatment adherence measured by the Morisky-Green test increased by 9.6% (95% CI: 5.5-13.6) in the IG and 8.8% (95% CI: 4.9-12.6) in the CG. There were no differences in adherence on the other tests used. No differences were observed between the IG and CG in clinical variables such as blood pressure or BMI at the end of the trial. Conclusions: The educational intervention had no significant impact on patients´ adherence to the medication.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de educación sanitaria en pacientes con hipertensión. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo y aleatorizado de conglomerados. La unidad de aleatorización fueron los centros de atención primaria (CAP) situados en Barcelona y su área metropolitana, con 18 CAPs urbanos asignados al grupo intervención (GI) y 18 al grupo control (GC). La muestra de pacientes hipertensos que recibían tratamiento con antihipertensivos ambulatoriamente fue de 996 (GC=481 y GI=515). La intervención consistió en información personalizada mediante enfermera entrenada y material educativo escrito. Se midió en cada visita la presión arterial, el índice de masa corporal, el conocimiento de la enfermedad y de la medicación, la adherencia al tratamiento y los hábitos saludables; el seguimiento fue de 12 meses. Para el análisis de los datos se aplicó el criterio de intención del tratar. Resultados: El conocimiento de la enfermedad aumentó un 27,8% en el GI y un 18,5% en el GC, así como el de la medicación un 10,1% en el GI y un 5,5% en el GC. La adherencia al tratamiento mediante la prueba de Morisky-Green aumentó un 9,6% en el GI y un 8,8% en el GC. No se observaron diferencias entre GI y GC en las otras medidas de adherencia, ni en las variables clínicas relativas a la presión arterial o el índice de masa corporal al final del ensayo. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa no mostró un impacto significativo en el la adherencia a la medicación de la hipertensión.

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          Most cited references41

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          Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action.

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            Medication adherence: its importance in cardiovascular outcomes.

            Medication adherence usually refers to whether patients take their medications as prescribed (eg, twice daily), as well as whether they continue to take a prescribed medication. Medication nonadherence is a growing concern to clinicians, healthcare systems, and other stakeholders (eg, payers) because of mounting evidence that it is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes and higher costs of care. To date, measurement of patient medication adherence and use of interventions to improve adherence are rare in routine clinical practice. The goals of the present report are to address (1) different methods of measuring adherence, (2) the prevalence of medication nonadherence, (3) the association between nonadherence and outcomes, (4) the reasons for nonadherence, and finally, (5) interventions to improve medication adherence.
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              Implications of small reductions in diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention.

              N R Cook (1995)
              To estimate the impact of small reductions in the population distribution of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), such as those potentially achievable by population-wide lifestyle modification, on incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Published data from the Framingham Heart Study, a longitudinal cohort study, and from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II, a national population survey, were used to examine the impact of a population-wide strategy aimed at reducing DBP by an average of 2 mm Hg in a population including normotensive subjects. White men and women aged 35 to 64 years in the United States. Incidence of CHD and stroke, including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Data from overviews of observational studies and randomized trials suggest that a 2-mm Hg reduction in DBP would result in a 17% decrease in the prevalence of hypertension as well as a 6% reduction in the risk of CHD and a 15% reduction in risk of stroke and TIAs. From an application of these results to US white men and women aged 35 to 64 years, it is estimated that a successful population intervention alone could reduce CHD incidence more than could medical treatment for all those with a DBP of 95 mm Hg or higher. It could prevent 84% of the number prevented by medical treatment for all those with a DBP of 90 mm Hg or higher. For stroke (including TIAs), a population-wide 2-mm Hg reduction could prevent 93% of events prevented by medical treatment for those with a DBP of 95 mm Hg or higher and 69% of events for treatment for those with a DBP of 90 mm Hg or higher. A combination strategy of both a population reduction in DBP and targeted medical intervention is most effective and could double or triple the impact of medical treatment alone. Adding a population-based intervention to existing levels of hypertension treatment could prevent an estimated additional 67,000 CHD events (6%) and 34,000 stroke and TIA events (13%) annually among all those aged 35 to 64 years in the United States. A small reduction of 2 mm Hg in DBP in the mean of the population distribution, in addition to medical treatment, could have a great public health impact on the number of CHD and stroke events prevented. Whether such DBP reductions can be achieved in the population through lifestyle interventions, in particular through sodium reduction, depends on the results of ongoing primary prevention trials as well as the cooperation of the food industry, government agencies, and health education professionals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                February 2011
                : 25
                : 1
                : 62-67
                Affiliations
                [03] Barcelona orgnameUniversity of Barcelona-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) orgdiv1Department of Clinical Sciences Spain
                [01] orgnameInstitut Català de la Salut
                [02] Barcelona orgnameInstitut d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112011000100010 S0213-9111(11)02500100010
                7c5edd50-850f-405d-950a-1f1d54ccc3c0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 April 2010
                : 01 September 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Hypertension,Adherence,Therapy,Knowledge,Health education,Hipertensión,Adherencia,Tratamiento,Conocimiento,Educación sanitaria

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