Factores asociados con la frecuencia de cerdos muertos durante el transportea una planta de beneficio

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Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del tiempo de transporte, el tipo de camión (un piso, dos pisos, tres pisos), la granja de origen, la época del año, el transportador y el productor, sobre la mortalidad de cerdos de ceba y la etapa del presacrificio en la cual sucede la muerte. Se hizo un estudio retrospectivo en una planta de beneficio colombiana durante los años 2012, 2013 y 2014, para recolectar la información de 76.286 cerdos, que correspondían a 1554 lotes de 76 productores. La mortalidad/año fue 0,176% 0,173% y 0,20%, con respecto a cada año. La mayor tasa de muertes se observó en los camiones de carrocería de un piso, en particular, cuando el tiempo de transporte fue ≤1h. El 55,4% de las muertes ocurrieron en el camión, el 41% en los corrales de la planta de beneficio, y el 4,4% durante el descargue. La mortalidad promedio fue mayor en los productores que comercializan lotes de menor tamaño. Los resultados indican que los tiempos de transporte <1h, el diseño del camión y el tipo de productor incrementan la mortalidad en el transporte de cerdos de ceba.

Translated abstract

Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tempo de transporte, tipo de caminhão (um, dois e três andares), fazenda de origem, época do ano, transportador e produtor, na mortalidade de suínos de engorda e estágio de préabate, em que ocorre a morte. Um estudo retrospectivo foi feita num abatedouro na Colômbia entre os anos 2012 a 2014, coletando informações de 76.286 suínos correspondentes a 1554 lotes de 76 produtores. A mortalidade/ano foi de 0,176%, 0,173% e 0,20% para cada ano. A maior taça de mortalidade foi observada nos caminhões de um andar, particularmente, quando o tempo de transporte foi <1h. O 55,4% das mortes ocorreram no caminhão, o 41% nos corrais do abatedouro e, o 4,4% durante o desembarque. A mortalidade promedia foi maior em produções com lotes de menor tamanho. Os resultados indicam que os tempos de transporte <1h, o tipo de caminhão e tipo de produtor incrementam a mortalidade de suínos de engorda

Translated abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of transportation time, type of truck (one, two or three decks), farm of origin, time of year, transporter and producer, on the mortality of fattening pigs and the pre-slaughter stage in which the deaths occur. A retrospective study was made in a Colombian slaughterhouse during 2012, 2013 and 2014, to collect information on 76286 pigs that belonged to 1554 lots of 76 producers. The mortality/year was 0.176%, 0.173% and 0.20% respectively. The highest mortality rates were observed in trucks with one deck, particularly when the transport time was ≤1 hour. A total of 55.4% of the deaths occurred in the trucks, 41% in the slaughterhouse pens, and 4.4% during unloading. The mean mortality was higher for producers marketing smaller lots. The results indicate that transportation times ≤1 hour, truck design, and the type of producers increased the mortality during transportation of fattening pigs.

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Analysis of factors associated with mortality of heavy slaughter pigs during transport and lairage.

A Vitali, E Lana, M Amadori … (2014)

The study was based on data collected during 5 yr (2003-2007) and was aimed at assessing the effects of the month, slaughter house of destination (differing for stocking density, openings, brightness, and cooling device types), length of the journey, and temperature-humidity index (THI) on mortality of heavy slaughter pigs (approximately 160 kg live weight) during transport and lairage. Data were obtained from 24,098 journeys and 3,676,153 pigs transported from 1,618 farms to 3 slaughter houses. Individual shipments were the unit of observation. The terms dead on arrival (DOA) and dead in pen (DIP) refer to pigs that died during transport and in lairage at the abattoir before slaughtering, respectively. These 2 variables were assessed as the dependent counts in separate univariate Poisson regressions. The independent variables assessed univariately in each set of regressions were month of shipment, slaughter house of destination, time traveled, and each combination of the month with the time traveled. Two separate piecewise regressions were done. One used DOA counts within THI levels over pigs transported as a dependent ratio and the second used DIP counts within THI levels over pigs from a transport kept in lairage as a dependent ratio. The THI was the sole independent variable in each case. The month with the greatest frequency of deaths was July with a risk ratio of 1.22 (confidence interval: 1.06-1.36; P < 0.05) and 1.27 (confidence interval: 1.06-1.51; P < 0.05) for DOA and DIP, respectively. The lower mortality risk ratios for DOA and DIP were recorded for January and March (P < 0.05). The aggregated data of the summer (June, July, and August) versus non-summer (January, March, September, and November) months showed a greater risk of pigs dying during the hot season when considering both transport and lairage (P < 0.05). The mortality risk ratio of DIP was lower at the slaughter house with the lowest stocking density (0.64 m(2)/100 kg live weight), large open windows on the roof and sidewalls, low brightness (40 lx) lights, and high-pressure sprinklers as cooling devices. The mortality risk ratio of DOA increased significantly for journeys longer than 2 h, whereas no relationship was found between length of transport and DIP. The piecewise analysis pointed out that 78.5 and 73.6 THI were the thresholds above which the mortality rate increased significantly for DOA and DIP, respectively. These results may help the pig industry to improve the welfare of heavy slaughter pigs during transport and lairage.