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      Periostin secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes cancer stemness in head and neck cancer by activating protein tyrosine kinase 7

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          Abstract

          Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer stemness, respectively. However, little is known about interaction between CAFs and PTK7 in cancers. In this study, we showed that PTK7 was significantly correlated with the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and aggressive clinicopathologic features in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Meanwhile, animal experiments showed that PTK7 enhanced chemoresistance and lung metastasis of HNSCC in vivo. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay demonstrated that POSTN secreted by CAFs was a potential upstream ligand of PTK7 which might act as a receptor. Further analysis revealed that POSTN promoted the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype via PTK7–Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, including the proliferation and invasion of HNSCC cells in vitro, as well as tumor initiation and progression in vivo. Collectively, our study proved that CAF-derived POSTN might promote cancer stemness via interacting with PTK7 in HNSCC, suggesting that the combination of POSTN and PTK7 might be a potential prognostic and diagnostic indicator and a  promising therapeutic target.

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          Opinion: migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumour progression.

          The dissemination of tumour cells is the prerequisite of metastases and is correlated with a loss of epithelial differentiation and the acquisition of a migratory phenotype, a hallmark of malignant tumour progression. A stepwise, irreversible accumulation of genetic alterations is considered to be the responsible driving force. But strikingly, metastases of most carcinomas recapitulate the organization of their primary tumours. Although current models explain distinct and important aspects of carcinogenesis, each alone can not explain the sum of the cellular changes apparent in human cancer progression. We suggest an extended, integrated model that is consistent with all aspects of human tumour progression - the 'migrating cancer stem (MCS)-cell' concept.
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            Elective versus Therapeutic Neck Dissection in Node-Negative Oral Cancer.

            Whether patients with early-stage oral cancers should be treated with elective neck dissection at the time of the primary surgery or with therapeutic neck dissection after nodal relapse has been a matter of debate.
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              CD24(+) liver tumor-initiating cells drive self-renewal and tumor initiation through STAT3-mediated NANOG regulation.

              Tumor-initiating cells (T-ICs) are a subpopulation of chemoresistant tumor cells that have been shown to cause tumor recurrence upon chemotherapy. Identification of T-ICs and their related pathways are therefore priorities for the development of new therapeutic paradigms. We established chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft tumors in immunocompromised mice in which an enriched T-IC population was capable of tumor initiation and self-renewal. With this model, we found CD24 to be upregulated in residual chemoresistant tumors when compared with bulk tumor upon cisplatin treatment. CD24(+) HCC cells were found to be critical for the maintenance, self-renewal, differentiation, and metastasis of tumors and to significantly impact patients' clinical outcome. With a lentiviral-based knockdown approach, CD24 was found to be a functional liver T-IC marker that drives T-IC genesis through STAT3-mediated NANOG regulation. Our findings point to a CD24 cascade in liver T-ICs that may provide an attractive therapeutic target for HCC patients. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +(86) 21-23271699-5211 , chenwantao196323@sjtu.edu.cn
                +(86) 21-23271699-4239 , yanming8012@126.com
                Journal
                Cell Death Dis
                Cell Death Dis
                Cell Death & Disease
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-4889
                22 October 2018
                22 October 2018
                November 2018
                : 9
                : 11
                : 1082
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0368 8293, GRID grid.16821.3c, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital & College of Stomatology, , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, ; Shanghai, 200011 China
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0368 8293, GRID grid.16821.3c, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, ; Shanghai, 200011 China
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0368 8293, GRID grid.16821.3c, Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, ; Shanghai, 200011 China
                Article
                1116
                10.1038/s41419-018-1116-6
                6197282
                30348980
                7c7d07f1-2b07-4d00-aaa1-fd10bbce6b4d
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 13 June 2018
                : 26 September 2018
                : 27 September 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China);
                Award ID: 81672829
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: the National Program on Key Research Project of China (2016YFC0902700), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Funded Project (18DZ2291500)
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Cell biology
                Cell biology

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