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      Categorización del estado de conservación de las Serpientes de la República Argentina

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          Abstract

          A más de una década de la primera Lista Roja de herpetofauna amenazada propuesta por la Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (AHA 2000), se recategorizaron las serpientes a partir de nueva información taxonómica, biogeográfica y bio-ecológica, además de modificaciones metodológicas respecto a la evaluación anterior. Mediante la participación de 18 especialistas de toda la Argentina se reevaluaron 136 taxones de serpientes (130 en la anterior) incluyendo varios cambios taxonómicos (8 taxones nuevos para Argentina y 2 sinonimizados), obteniéndose como resultado la inclusión de 49 especies en la lista roja (5 En Peligro, 17 Amenazadas, 27 Vulnerables), 15 Insuficientemente Conocidas y 72 No Amenazadas. En relación con la categorización anterior de la AHA: un taxón descendió de Vulnerable a No Amenazado, 11 No amenazados y 4 Insuficientemente Conocidos fueron elevados a distintas categorías de amenaza, 7 taxones Vulnerables fueron elevados a Amenazados, un taxón fue elevado de Amenazado a En Peligro. De 8 taxones no evaluados en 2000, uno categorizó No Amenazado, 4 Insuficientemente Conocidos, uno Vulnerable y 2 Amenazados. Estas modificaciones son el resultado de: (1) Mayor información sistemática, biogeográfica y bio-ecológica disponible para la evaluación; (2) Cambios en cuanto a las presiones antrópicas sobre las especies o sus hábitats; (3) Modificaciones metodológicas que incluyeron instructivos para aplicar los conceptos, la discusión y consenso entre especialistas y el análisis de las incertidumbres.

          Translated abstract

          After more than a decade from the first red list of threatened herpetofauna proposal by the Asociación Herpetológica Argentina (2000), we re-categorized snakes from new taxonomic, biogeographical and bio-ecological information as well as methodological changes in the former evaluation. Through the participation of 18 specialists from all over Argentina, 136 taxa of snakes (130 in the previous) were re-evaluated including several taxonomic changes (8 new taxa added to Argentina, and 2 sinonimies). The results were the inclusion of 49 species in the red list (5 Endangered, 17 Threatened, 27 Vulnerable), 15 Insufficiently Known and 72 Not Threatened. Compared to the former categorization of the AHA: one taxon descended from Vulnerable to Not Threatened, 11 Not Threatened and 4 Insufficiently Known were elevated to different categories of threat, 7 taxa were elevated from Endangered to Vulnerable, one from Vulnerable to Endangered. From the 8 taxa not evaluated in 2000, one categorized Not Threatened, 4 Insufficiently Known, one Vulnerable, and 2 Threatened. These changes are the result of: (1) increased systematic, biogeographical and bio- ecological information available for the evaluation, (2) Changes in human pressures on the species or their habitats, (3) methodological changes that included recommendations to apply concepts, discussion and consensus among specialists and the analysis of uncertainties.

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          The future of biodiversity.

          Recent extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times their pre-human levels in well-known, but taxonomically diverse groups from widely different environments. If all species currently deemed "threatened" become extinct in the next century, then future extinction rates will be 10 times recent rates. Some threatened species will survive the century, but many species not now threatened will succumb. Regions rich in species found only within them (endemics) dominate the global patterns of extinction. Although new technology provides details of habitat losses, estimates of future extinctions are hampered by our limited knowledge of which areas are rich in endemics.
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            Limits to the use of threatened species lists

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              The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees.

              The superfamily Colubroidea (> 2500 species) includes the majority of snake species and is one of the most conspicuous and well-known radiations of terrestrial vertebrates. However, many aspects of the phylogeny of the group remain contentious, and dozens of genera have yet to be included in molecular phylogenetic analyses. We present a new, large-scale, likelihood-based phylogeny for the colubroids, including 761 species sampled for up to five genes: cytochrome b (93% of 761 species sampled), ND4 (69%), ND2 (28%), c-mos (54%), and RAG-1 (13%), totaling up to 5814bp per species. We also compare likelihood bootstrapping and a recently proposed ultra-fast measure of branch support (Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like [SHL] approximate likelihood ratio), and find that the SHL test shows strong support for several clades that were weakly-supported by bootstrapping in this or previous analyses (e.g., Dipsadinae, Lamprophiidae). We find that SHL values are positively related to branch lengths, but show stronger support for shorter branches than bootstrapping. Despite extensive missing data for many taxa (mean=67% per species), neither bootstrap nor SHL support values for terminal species are related to their incompleteness, and that most highly incomplete taxa are placed in the expected families from previous taxonomy, typically with very strong support. The phylogeny indicates that the Neotropical colubrine genus Scaphiodontophis represents an unexpectedly ancient lineage within Colubridae. We present a revised higher-level classification of Colubroidea, which includes a new subfamily for Scaphiodontophis (Scaphiodontophiinae). Our study provides the most comprehensive phylogeny of Colubroidea to date, and suggests that SHL values may provide a useful complement to bootstrapping for estimating support on likelihood-based trees. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cherp
                Cuadernos de herpetología
                Cuad. herpetol.
                Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina )
                1852-5768
                December 2012
                : 26
                : suppl 1
                : 303-326
                Affiliations
                [06] Tucumán orgnameFundación Miguel Lillo orgdiv1Instituto de Herpetología Argentina
                [05] La Plata Buenos Aires orgnameMuseo de La Plata orgdiv1División Zoología Vertebrados orgdiv2Sección Herpetología Argentina
                [01] Santa Fe orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Litoral orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Limnología Argentina
                [07] Buenos Aires orgnameMuseo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia orgdiv1División de Herpetología Argentina
                [03] Corrientes orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Nordeste orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura orgdiv2Laboratorio de Herpetología Argentina
                [02] Santa Fe orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Litoral orgdiv1Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Argentina
                [04] Córdoba orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba orgdiv1Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal orgdiv2Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento Argentina
                Article
                S1852-57682012000300004 S1852-5768(12)02600000004
                7c8ff919-8abc-4198-8e81-c1d0dee2201a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 October 2012
                : 10 August 2011
                : 24 October 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 95, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Trabajos

                Conservación,Especies amenazadas,Red list,Argentina,Snakes,Conservation,Threatened species,Serpientes

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                Most referenced authors1,037