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      Theoretical Models of Neural Development

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , ∗
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: iScience
      Publisher: Elsevier
      Keywords: Biological Sciences, Neuroscience, Developmental Neuroscience, Theoretical Neuroscience, In Silico Biology

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          Abstract

          Constructing a functioning nervous system requires the precise orchestration of a vast array of mechanical, molecular, and neural-activity-dependent cues. Theoretical models can play a vital role in helping to frame quantitative issues, reveal mathematical commonalities between apparently diverse systems, identify what is and what is not possible in principle, and test the abilities of specific mechanisms to explain the data. This review focuses on the progress that has been made over the last decade in our theoretical understanding of neural development.

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          Biological Sciences; Neuroscience; Developmental Neuroscience; Theoretical Neuroscience; In Silico Biology

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          Most cited references180

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          Reconstruction of zebrafish early embryonic development by scanned light sheet microscopy.

          Philipp Keller, Annette Schmidt, Joachim Wittbrodt … (2008)
          A long-standing goal of biology is to map the behavior of all cells during vertebrate embryogenesis. We developed digital scanned laser light sheet fluorescence microscopy and recorded nuclei localization and movement in entire wild-type and mutant zebrafish embryos over the first 24 hours of development. Multiview in vivo imaging at 1.5 billion voxels per minute provides "digital embryos," that is, comprehensive databases of cell positions, divisions, and migratory tracks. Our analysis of global cell division patterns reveals a maternally defined initial morphodynamic symmetry break, which identifies the embryonic body axis. We further derive a model of germ layer formation and show that the mesendoderm forms from one-third of the embryo's cells in a single event. Our digital embryos, with 55 million nucleus entries, are provided as a resource.
          Article 0 comments Cited 430 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex.

            Anastacia P. Munro, E Bienenstock, Sarah Cooper (1981)
            The development of stimulus selectivity in the primary sensory cortex of higher vertebrates is considered in a general mathematical framework. A synaptic evolution scheme of a new kind is proposed in which incoming patterns rather than converging afferents compete. The change in the efficacy of a given synapse depends not only on instantaneous pre- and postsynaptic activities but also on a slowly varying time-averaged value of the postsynaptic activity. Assuming an appropriate nonlinear form for this dependence, development of selectivity is obtained under quite general conditions on the sensory environment. One does not require nonlinearity of the neuron's integrative power nor does one need to assume any particular form for intracortical circuitry. This is first illustrated in simple cases, e.g., when the environment consists of only two different stimuli presented alternately in a random manner. The following formal statement then holds: the state of the system converges with probability 1 to points of maximum selectivity in the state space. We next consider the problem of early development of orientation selectivity and binocular interaction in primary visual cortex. Giving the environment an appropriate form, we obtain orientation tuning curves and ocular dominance comparable to what is observed in normally reared adult cats or monkeys. Simulations with binocular input and various types of normal or altered environments show good agreement with the relevant experimental data. Experiments are suggested that could test our theory further.
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              Molecular mechanisms of axon guidance.

              Barry Dickson (2002)
              Axons are guided along specific pathways by attractive and repulsive cues in the extracellular environment. Genetic and biochemical studies have led to the identification of highly conserved families of guidance molecules, including netrins, Slits, semaphorins, and ephrins. Guidance cues steer axons by regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in the growth cone through signaling pathways that are still only poorly understood. Elaborate regulatory mechanisms ensure that a given cue elicits the right response from the right axons at the right time but is otherwise ignored. With such regulatory mechanisms in place, a relatively small number of guidance factors can be used to generate intricate patterns of neuronal wiring.
              Article 0 comments Cited 272 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Geoffrey J. Goodhill
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): iScience
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): iScience
                Title: iScience
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2589-0042
                Publication date PMC-release: 27 September 2018
                Publication date Collection: 26 October 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 27 September 2018
                Volume: 8
                Pages: 183-199
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Queensland Brain Institute and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author g.goodhill@ 123456uq.edu.au
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2589-0042(18)30152-4
                DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.017
                PMC ID: 6197653
                PubMed ID: 30321813
                SO-VID: 7ce972a3-18ca-497f-9853-af35367e7047
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: biological sciences,neuroscience,developmental neuroscience,theoretical neuroscience,in silico biology
                Data availability:
                Keywords: biological sciences, neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, theoretical neuroscience, in silico biology

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