The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review

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Abstract

Thymoquinone (TQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, exhibited very useful biomedical effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and antiasthmatic effects. There are several studies about pharmacological activities of TQ but its neuroprotection effects are not fully described. The literature search has indicated many studies pertaining to the effects of TQ in neurological problems such as epilepsy, parkinsonism, anxiety, and improvement of learning and memory, and so on. In addition, TQ protected brain cells from various injuries due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects in cell line and experimental animal models. The present study has been designed to review the scientific literature about the pharmacological activities of TQ to the neurological diseases. This study purposed that although experimental studies indicated the beneficial effects of TQ against nervous system problems, better designed clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm these effects.

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Antioxidant responses and cellular adjustments to oxidative stress

Cristina Espinosa-Díez, Verónica Miguel, Daniela Mennerich … (2015)

Redox biological reactions are now accepted to bear the Janus faceted feature of promoting both physiological signaling responses and pathophysiological cues. Endogenous antioxidant molecules participate in both scenarios. This review focuses on the role of crucial cellular nucleophiles, such as glutathione, and their capacity to interact with oxidants and to establish networks with other critical enzymes such as peroxiredoxins. We discuss the importance of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway as an example of a transcriptional antioxidant response and we summarize transcriptional routes related to redox activation. As examples of pathophysiological cellular and tissular settings where antioxidant responses are major players we highlight endoplasmic reticulum stress and ischemia reperfusion. Topologically confined redox-mediated post-translational modifications of thiols are considered important molecular mechanisms mediating many antioxidant responses, whereas redox-sensitive microRNAs have emerged as key players in the posttranscriptional regulation of redox-mediated gene expression. Understanding such mechanisms may provide the basis for antioxidant-based therapeutic interventions in redox-related diseases.

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A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb.

Aftab Ahmad, Asif Husain, Mohd Mujeeb … (2013)

Nigella sativa (N. sativa) (Family Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout the world. It is very popular in various traditional systems of medicine like Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda and Siddha. Seeds and oil have a long history of folklore usage in various systems of medicines and food. The seeds of N. sativa have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases and ailments. In Islamic literature, it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. It has been recommended for using on regular basis in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine). It has been widely used as antihypertensive, liver tonics, diuretics, digestive, anti-diarrheal, appetite stimulant, analgesics, anti-bacterial and in skin disorders. Extensive studies on N. sativa have been carried out by various researchers and a wide spectrum of its pharmacological actions have been explored which may include antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulator, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, antioxidant properties, etc. Due to its miraculous power of healing, N. sativa has got the place among the top ranked evidence based herbal medicines. This is also revealed that most of the therapeutic properties of this plant are due to the presence of thymoquinone which is major bioactive component of the essential oil. The present review is an effort to provide a detailed survey of the literature on scientific researches of pharmacognostical characteristics, chemical composition and pharmacological activities of the seeds of this plant.

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Edema and brain trauma.

A. W. Unterberg, J. Stover, B Kress … (2004)

Brain edema leading to an expansion of brain volume has a crucial impact on morbidity and mortality following traumatic brain injury (TBI) as it increases intracranial pressure, impairs cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, and contributes to additional ischemic injuries. Classically, two major types of traumatic brain edema exist: "vasogenic" due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption resulting in extracellular water accumulation and "cytotoxic/cellular" due to sustained intracellular water collection. A third type, "osmotic" brain edema is caused by osmotic imbalances between blood and tissue. Rarely after TBI do we encounter a "hydrocephalic edema/interstitial" brain edema related to an obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid outflow. Following TBI, various mediators are released which enhance vasogenic and/or cytotoxic brain edema. These include glutamate, lactate, H(+), K(+), Ca(2+), nitric oxide, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, free oxygen radicals, histamine, and kinins. Thus, avoiding cerebral anaerobic metabolism and acidosis is beneficial to control lactate and H(+), but no compound inhibiting mediators/mediator channels showed beneficial results in conducted clinical trials, despite successful experimental studies. Hence, anti-edematous therapy in TBI patients is still symptomatic and rather non-specific (e.g. mannitol infusion, controlled hyperventilation). For many years, vasogenic brain edema was accepted as the prevalent edema type following TBI. The development of mechanical TBI models ("weight drop," "fluid percussion injury," and "controlled cortical impact injury") and the use of magnetic resonance imaging, however, revealed that "cytotoxic" edema is of decisive pathophysiological importance following TBI as it develops early and persists while BBB integrity is gradually restored. These findings suggest that cytotoxic and vasogenic brain edema are two entities which can be targeted simultaneously or according to their temporal prevalence.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dose Response

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dose Response

Journal ID (publisher-id): DOS

Journal ID (hwp): spdos

Title: Dose-Response

Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1559-3258

Publication date (Electronic): 11 April 2018

Publication date Collection: Apr-Jun 2018

Volume: 16

Issue: 2

Electronic Location Identifier: 1559325818761455

Affiliations

[1 ]Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

[2 ]Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran

[3 ]Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

[4 ]Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mahhad, Iran

Author notes

[*]Saeed Samarghandian, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran. Email: samarghandians@ 123456mums.ac.ir

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Ali Mohammad Pourbagher Shahri http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-9890

Article

Publisher ID: 10.1177_1559325818761455

DOI: 10.1177/1559325818761455

PMC ID: 5898665

PubMed ID: 29662431

SO-VID: 7ced3d22-94ef-4e63-8813-ce0d8c518c99

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This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

History

Date received : 10 July 2017

Date revision received : 26 October 2017

Date accepted : 14 November 2017

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cover-date April-June 2018

Keywords: neurodegenerative diseases,thymoquinone,antioxidant,anti-inflammation,apoptosis

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Keywords: neurodegenerative diseases, thymoquinone, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, apoptosis

The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review

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Emirati Journal of Policing and Security Studies

Most cited references 98

Antioxidant responses and cellular adjustments to oxidative stress

A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb.

Edema and brain trauma.

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