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      Building up the inactive X chromosome.

      Biology of the Cell
      Animals, Chromatin, chemistry, metabolism, Dosage Compensation, Genetic, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Gene Silencing, Humans, Male, Nucleic Acid Conformation, RNA, Long Noncoding, RNA, Untranslated, genetics, X Chromosome, X Chromosome Inactivation

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          Abstract

          The compensation of the different level of transcripts of X-linked genes in male and female mammals is achieved through X chromosome inactivation, a complex process that differentially regulates the sex chromosomes of female cells. This mechanism has been dissected at evolutionary, genetic and molecular levels: here, we discuss some of the latest examples that illustrate better these intricate connections, focusing particularly on the emerging role of spatial and three-dimensional chromatin arrangements in the building of this special chromosome, the inactive X chromosome.

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