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      Nup2 performs diverse interphase functions in Aspergillus nidulans

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          Abstract

          The nuclear pore complex (NPC) protein Nup2 plays interphase nuclear transport roles and in Aspergillus nidulans also functions to bridge NPCs at mitotic chromatin for their faithful coinheritance to daughter G1 nuclei. In this study, we further investigate the interphase functions of Nup2 in A. nidulans. Although Nup2 is not required for nuclear import of all nuclear proteins after mitosis, it is required for normal G1 nuclear accumulation of the NPC nuclear basket–associated components Mad2 and Mlp1 as well as the THO complex protein Tho2. Targeting of Mlp1 to nuclei partially rescues the interphase delay seen in nup2 mutants indicating that some of the interphase defects in Nup2-deleted cells are due to Mlp1 mislocalization. Among the inner nuclear membrane proteins, Nup2 affects the localization of Ima1, orthologues of which are involved in nuclear movement. Interestingly, nup2 mutant G1 nuclei also exhibit an abnormally long period of extensive to-and-fro movement immediately after mitosis in a manner dependent on the microtubule cytoskeleton. This indicates that Nup2 is required to limit the transient postmitotic nuclear migration typical of many filamentous fungi. The findings reveal that Nup2 is a multifunctional protein that performs diverse functions during both interphase and mitosis in A. nidulans.

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          Most cited references71

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          The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.

          In eukaryotes, the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a ubiquitous safety device that ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis. The SAC prevents chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy, and its dysfunction is implicated in tumorigenesis. Recent molecular analyses have begun to shed light on the complex interaction of the checkpoint proteins with kinetochores--structures that mediate the binding of spindle microtubules to chromosomes in mitosis. These studies are finally starting to reveal the mechanisms of checkpoint activation and silencing during mitotic progression.
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            The molecular architecture of the nuclear pore complex.

            Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are proteinaceous assemblies of approximately 50 MDa that selectively transport cargoes across the nuclear envelope. To determine the molecular architecture of the yeast NPC, we collected a diverse set of biophysical and proteomic data, and developed a method for using these data to localize the NPC's 456 constituent proteins (see the accompanying paper). Our structure reveals that half of the NPC is made up of a core scaffold, which is structurally analogous to vesicle-coating complexes. This scaffold forms an interlaced network that coats the entire curved surface of the nuclear envelope membrane within which the NPC is embedded. The selective barrier for transport is formed by large numbers of proteins with disordered regions that line the inner face of the scaffold. The NPC consists of only a few structural modules that resemble each other in terms of the configuration of their homologous constituents, the most striking of these being a 16-fold repetition of 'columns'. These findings provide clues to the evolutionary origins of the NPC.
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              Microtubule attachment and spindle assembly checkpoint signalling at the kinetochore.

              In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation during cell division is facilitated by the kinetochore, a multiprotein structure that is assembled on centromeric DNA. The kinetochore attaches chromosomes to spindle microtubules, modulates the stability of these attachments and relays the microtubule-binding status to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a cell cycle surveillance pathway that delays chromosome segregation in response to unattached kinetochores. Recent studies are shaping current thinking on how each of these kinetochore-centred processes is achieved, and how their integration ensures faithful chromosome segregation, focusing on the essential roles of kinase-phosphatase signalling and the microtubule-binding KMN protein network.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Monitoring Editor
                Journal
                Mol Biol Cell
                Mol. Biol. Cell
                molbiolcell
                mbc
                mboc
                Molecular Biology of the Cell
                The American Society for Cell Biology
                1059-1524
                1939-4586
                15 December 2018
                : 29
                : 26
                : 3144-3154
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
                [b ]Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
                [c ]Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
                ETH Zurich
                Author notes

                S.S., S.M., and S.A.O. contributed to the experimental design. S.S., S.M., and A.H.O. performed the experiments and analyzed the data. S.S. generated the figures. S.S. and S.A.O. wrote the article.

                *Address correspondence to: Stephen A. Osmani ( osmani.2@ 123456osu.edu ).
                Article
                E18-04-0223
                10.1091/mbc.E18-04-0223
                6340215
                30355026
                7d4b9467-e70b-4c80-aa70-a5fed480d370
                © 2018 Suresh et al. “ASCB®,” “The American Society for Cell Biology®,” and “Molecular Biology of the Cell®” are registered trademarks of The American Society for Cell Biology.

                This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License.

                History
                : 10 April 2018
                : 05 September 2018
                : 19 October 2018
                Categories
                Articles
                Nuclear Functions

                Molecular biology
                Molecular biology

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