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      Optimism measured pre-operatively is associated with reduced pain intensity and physical symptom reporting after coronary artery bypass graft surgery

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Optimism is thought to be associated with long-term favourable outcomes for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Our objective was to examine the association between optimism and post-operative pain and physical symptoms in CABG patients.

          Methods

          We assessed optimism pre-operatively in 197 adults undergoing CABG surgery, and then followed them up 6–8 weeks after the procedure to measure affective pain, pain intensity, and physical symptom reporting directly pertaining to CABG surgery.

          Results

          Greater optimism measured pre-operatively was significantly associated with lower pain intensity (β = − 0.150, CI = − 0.196 to − 0.004, p = .042) and fewer physical symptoms following surgery (β = − 0.287, CI = − 0.537 to − 0.036, p = .025), but not with affective pain, after controlling for demographic, clinical and behavioural covariates, including negative affectivity.

          Conclusions

          Optimism is a modest, yet significant, predictor of pain intensity and physical symptom reporting after CABG surgery. Having positive expectations may promote better recovery.

          Highlights

          • •

            Optimism predicts better recovery after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

          • •

            We found that optimism was associated with lower pain intensity after CABG surgery.

          • •

            We found that optimism predicted fewer physical symptoms after the CABG procedure.

          • •

            Having positive expectations may promote better recovery following CABG surgery.

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          Most cited references54

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          Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

          Michael F Scheier, Charles S. Carver, Michael W. Bridges (1994)
          Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
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            The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire.

            Ronald Melzack (1987)
            A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) has been developed. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 affective) which are rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate or 3 = severe. Three pain scores are derived from the sum of the intensity rank values of the words chosen for sensory, affective and total descriptors. The SF-MPQ also includes the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) index of the standard MPQ and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The SF-MPQ scores obtained from patients in post-surgical and obstetrical wards and physiotherapy and dental departments were compared to the scores obtained with the standard MPQ. The correlations were consistently high and significant. The SF-MPQ was also shown to be sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate differences due to treatment at statistical levels comparable to those obtained with the standard form. The SF-MPQ shows promise as a useful tool in situations in which the standard MPQ takes too long to administer, yet qualitative information is desired and the PPI and VAS are inadequate.
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              Optimism.

              Suzanne C Segerstrom, Michael F Scheier, Charles S. Carver (2010)
              Optimism is an individual difference variable that reflects the extent to which people hold generalized favorable expectancies for their future. Higher levels of optimism have been related prospectively to better subjective well-being in times of adversity or difficulty (i.e., controlling for previous well-being). Consistent with such findings, optimism has been linked to higher levels of engagement coping and lower levels of avoidance, or disengagement, coping. There is evidence that optimism is associated with taking proactive steps to protect one's health, whereas pessimism is associated with health-damaging behaviors. Consistent with such findings, optimism is also related to indicators of better physical health. The energetic, task-focused approach that optimists take to goals also relates to benefits in the socioeconomic world. Some evidence suggests that optimism relates to more persistence in educational efforts and to higher later income. Optimists also appear to fare better than pessimists in relationships. Although there are instances in which optimism fails to convey an advantage, and instances in which it may convey a disadvantage, those instances are relatively rare. In sum, the behavioral patterns of optimists appear to provide models of living for others to learn from. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 282 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Amy Ronaldson
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Psychosom Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Psychosom Res
                Title: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
                Publisher: Pergamon Press
                ISSN (Print): 0022-3999
                ISSN (Electronic): 1879-1360
                Publication date PMC-release: 1 October 2014
                Publication date (Print): October 2014
                Volume: 77
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 278-282
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
                [b ]Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George's Hospital, University of London, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: + 44 207 679 1682; fax: + 44 207 9168542. a.ronaldson@ 123456ucl.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0022-3999(14)00282-7
                DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.07.018
                PMC ID: 4188527
                PubMed ID: 25129850
                SO-VID: 7d7953b1-590a-44c8-bba4-b13b7803c9fb
                Copyright © © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
                History
                Date received : 24 May 2014
                Date revision received : 24 July 2014
                Date accepted : 25 July 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: coronary artery bypass graft surgery,optimism,pain,pessimism,physical symptoms
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Keywords: coronary artery bypass graft surgery, optimism, pain, pessimism, physical symptoms

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