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      Matricial Support and Arterial Hypertension Control Translated title: Apoio Matricial e Controle da Hipertensão Arterial

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: A continuing education program for health professionals improves their performance and increases hypertension control rates. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hypertension control and therapeutic inertia among adults treated at Primary Health Care Units after a continuing education program focused on cardiology for health professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included cluster sampling and analysis of medical records. We evaluated 463 patients with high blood pressure and analyzed the blood pressure, medications, and therapeutic increments in 2013, which were compared to the data obtained in 2007. Results: There was prevalence of female patients and appointments at the Family Health Care Units. The age ranged between 24 and 92 years (mean of 61.7 years). There was a reduction in the mean blood pressure (148.62/91.60 ± 23.52/14.51 mmHg to 137.60/84.03 ± 21.84/12.72) between the first and last records, and BP control in 58% of the sample, that is, higher than the 36.6% found in 2007. In the analyzed period, there was a therapeutic increment of 39% in appointments, which benefited 52% patients with high blood pressure, higher than the 12% and 29.5%, respectively, found in 2007. The mean number of drugs per patient increased from 1.85 to 2.05, with a predominance of diuretics and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. Conclusion: There was a reduction in the clinical inertia and increased control of arterial hypertension was observed, compared with the findings of the previous study. The result suggests that the matricial support program for health professionals and other measures to improve disease control in the Primary Health Care Units were effective.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Fundamento: Um programa permanente de educação em serviço melhora o desempenho dos profissionais de saúde e aumenta os índices de controle da hipertensão arterial. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do controle da hipertensão arterial e da inércia terapêutica em adultos atendidos nas Unidades Básicas da Saúde após a implantação de um programa de apoio matricial em cardiologia. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostragem por conglomerados, mediante pesquisa em prontuários, em que foram avaliados 463 portadores de hipertensão arterial. Foram avaliados pressão arterial, medicamentos e incrementos terapêuticos em 2013, e comparados ao resultados obtidos em 2007. Resultados: Houve predomínio de pacientes das unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família e do sexo feminino. A idade variou entre 24 e 92 anos (média de 61,7). Observaram-se redução das médias da pressão arterial (148,62/91,60 ± 23,52/14,51 mmHg para 137,60/84,03 ± 21,84/12,72 mmHg) entre o primeiro e o último registro, e controle em 58% dos pacientes, ou seja, superior aos 36,6% encontrados em 2007. No período analisado, houve incremento terapêutico de 39% das ocasiões e 52% dos pacientes, superior aos 12% e 29,5%, respectivamente, em 2007. A média de fármacos por paciente aumentou de 1,85 para 2,05, predominando diuréticos e inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina. Conclusão: Houve redução da inércia clínica e aumento do controle da hipertensão arterial, comparados com os achados do estudo anterior. O resultado sugere que o programa de apoio matricial para os profissionais da saúde e outras medidas para melhorar o controle da doença nas Unidades Básicas da Saúde foram eficazes.

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          Changes in the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Canada over the past two decades.

          Analyses of medication databases indicate marked increases in prescribing of antihypertensive drugs in Canada over the past decade. This study was done to examine the trends in the prevalence of hypertension and in control rates in Canada between 1992 and 2009. Three population-based surveys, the 1986-1992 Canadian Heart Health Surveys, the 2006 Ontario Survey on the Prevalence and Control of Hypertension and the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey, collected self-reported health information from, and measured blood pressure among, community-dwelling adults. The population prevalence of hypertension was stable between 1992 and 2009 at 19.7%-21.6%. Hypertension control improved from 13.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7%-15.7%) in 1992 to 64.6% (95% CI 60.0%-69.2%) in 2009, reflecting improvements in awareness (from 56.9% [95% CI 53.1%-60.5%] in 1992 to 82.5% [95% CI 78.5%-86.0%] in 2009) and treatment (from 34.6% [95% CI 29.2%-40.0%] in 1992 to 79.0% [95% CI 71.3%-86.7%] in 2009) among people with hypertension. The size of improvements in awareness, treatment and control were similar among people who had or did not have cardiovascular comorbidities Although systolic blood pressures among patients with untreated hypertension were similar between 1992 and 2009 (ranging from 146 [95% CI 145-147] mm Hg to 148 [95% CI 144-151] mm Hg), people who did not have hypertension and patients with hypertension that was being treated showed substantially lower systolic pressures in 2009 than in 1992 (113 [95% CI 112-114] v. 117 [95% CI 117-117] mm Hg and 128 [95% CI 126-130] v. 145 [95% CI 143-147] mm Hg). The prevalence of hypertension has remained stable among community-dwelling adults in Canada over the past two decades, but the rates for treatment and control of hypertension have improved markedly during this time.
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            Hypertension improvement project: randomized trial of quality improvement for physicians and lifestyle modification for patients.

            Despite widely publicized hypertension treatment guidelines for physicians and lifestyle recommendations for patients, blood pressure control rates remain low. In community-based primary care clinics, we performed a nested, 2 x 2 randomized, controlled trial of physician intervention versus control and/or patient intervention versus control. Physician intervention included internet-based training, self-monitoring, and quarterly feedback reports. Patient intervention included 20 weekly group sessions followed by 12 monthly telephone counseling contacts and focused on weight loss, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern, exercise, and reduced sodium intake. The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure at 6 months. Eight primary care practices (32 physicians) were randomized to physician intervention or control groups. Within those practices, 574 patients were randomized to patient intervention or control groups. Patient mean age was 60 years, 61% were women, and 37% were black. Blood pressure data were available for 91% of patients at 6 months. The main effect of physician intervention on systolic blood pressure at 6 months, adjusted for baseline pressure, was 0.3 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.2; P=0.72). The main effect of the patient intervention was 2.6 mm Hg (95% CI: 4.4 to 0.7; P=0.01). The interaction of the 2 interventions was significant (P=0.03); the largest impact was observed with the combination of physician and patient intervention (9.7 +/- 12.7 mm Hg). Differences between treatment groups did not persist at 18 months. Combined physician and patient interventions lowers blood pressure; future research should focus on enhancing effectiveness and sustainability of these interventions.
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              When more is not better: treatment intensification among hypertensive patients with poor medication adherence.

              Hypertension may be poorly controlled because patients do not take their medications (poor adherence) or because providers do not increase medication when appropriate (lack of medication intensification, or "clinical inertia"). We examined the prevalence of and relationship between patient adherence and provider treatment intensification. We used a retrospective cohort study of hypertensive patients who had filled prescriptions for 1 or more blood pressure (BP) medications at Veterans' Affairs (VA) healthcare facilities in a Midwestern VA administrative region. Our sample included all patients who received at least 2 outpatient BP medication refills during 2004 and had 1 or more outpatient primary care visits with an elevated systolic BP >140 but 90 mm Hg during 2005 (n=38,327). For each episode of elevated BP during 2005 (68,610 events), we used electronic pharmacy refill data to examine patients' BP medication adherence over the prior 12 months and whether providers increased doses or added BP medications ("intensification"). Multivariate analyses accounted for the clustering of elevated BP events within patients and adjusted for patient age, comorbidities, number of BP medications, encounter systolic BP, and average systolic BP over the prior year. Providers intensified medications in 30% of the 68,610 elevated BP events, with almost no variation in intensification regardless of whether patients had good or poor BP medication adherence. After adjustment, intensification rates were 31% among patients who had "gaps" of <20% (days on which patients should have had medication but no medication was available because medications had not been refilled), 34% among patients with refill gaps of 20% to 59%, and 32% among patients with gaps of 60% or more. Intensification of medications occurred in fewer than one third of visits in which patients had an elevated BP. Patients' prior medication adherence had little impact on providers' decisions about intensifying medications, even at very high levels of poor adherence. Addressing both patient adherence and provider intensification simultaneously would most likely result in better BP control.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijcs
                International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences
                Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                2359-4802
                2359-5647
                June 2017
                : 30
                : 3
                : 199-206
                Affiliations
                [1] Joinville orgnameUniversidade da Região de Joinville Brazil
                Article
                S2359-56472017000300199
                10.5935/2359-4802.20170045
                7d7fb40e-e7f8-46b4-8ace-84069fc3baf5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 July 2016
                : 31 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                Hipertensão / prevenção & controle,Hipertensão / epidemiologia,Prevalência,Inércia,Centros de Saúde,Atenção Primária à Saúde,Educação em Saúde,Hypertension / prevention & control,Hypertension / epidemiology,Prevalence,Inertia,Health Centers,Primary Health Care,Health Education

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