Knowledge and Attitude of Dental Practitioners Related to Disinfection during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Abstract

The world is currently facing a pandemic crisis due to a novel coronavirus. For this purpose, acquiring updated knowledge regarding prevention and disinfection during the current pandemic is necessary for every dental practitioner. In our study, we aimed to evaluate globally the level of knowledge and the attitude of dental practitioners related to disinfection. A total of 385 participants out of 401 participants from 23 different countries across the world were included in the final analysis after the exclusion of incomplete responses. The majority of the dentists who responded were females (53.8%) and were practicing at private health institutes (36.4%). The mean knowledge score of the participants was estimated to be 4.19 ± 1.88 out of 12, reflecting insufficient knowledge, and the mean attitude score of the participants was estimated to be 12.24 ± 3.23 out of 15, which shows a positive attitude toward disinfection practices during coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, the current study indicated a lack of knowledge in fundamental aspects of disinfection protocols with a significant and positive attitude from dental health professionals toward disinfection regarding the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

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Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

Roujian Lu, Xiang Zhao, Juan Li … (2021)

Summary Background In late December, 2019, patients presenting with viral pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visiting Wuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed. Methods We did next-generation sequencing of samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured isolates from nine inpatients, eight of whom had visited the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. Complete and partial 2019-nCoV genome sequences were obtained from these individuals. Viral contigs were connected using Sanger sequencing to obtain the full-length genomes, with the terminal regions determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Phylogenetic analysis of these 2019-nCoV genomes and those of other coronaviruses was used to determine the evolutionary history of the virus and help infer its likely origin. Homology modelling was done to explore the likely receptor-binding properties of the virus. Findings The ten genome sequences of 2019-nCoV obtained from the nine patients were extremely similar, exhibiting more than 99·98% sequence identity. Notably, 2019-nCoV was closely related (with 88% identity) to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, collected in 2018 in Zhoushan, eastern China, but were more distant from SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 2019-nCoV fell within the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus, with a relatively long branch length to its closest relatives bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, and was genetically distinct from SARS-CoV. Notably, homology modelling revealed that 2019-nCoV had a similar receptor-binding domain structure to that of SARS-CoV, despite amino acid variation at some key residues. Interpretation 2019-nCoV is sufficiently divergent from SARS-CoV to be considered a new human-infecting betacoronavirus. Although our phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans. Importantly, structural analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV might be able to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in humans. The future evolution, adaptation, and spread of this virus warrant urgent investigation. Funding National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong First Medical University.

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The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak

Hussin A Rothan, Siddappa Byrareddy (2020)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-COV2 and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. Based on the large number of infected people that were exposed to the wet animal market in Wuhan City, China, it is suggested that this is likely the zoonotic origin of COVID-19. Person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 infection led to the isolation of patients that were subsequently administered a variety of treatments. Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented to control the current outbreak. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission should be applied in susceptible populations including children, health care providers, and elderly people. In this review, we highlights the symptoms, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, phylogenetic analysis and future directions to control the spread of this fatal disease.

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The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

Yan-Rong Guo, Qing-Dong Cao, Zhong-Si Hong … (2020)

An acute respiratory disease, caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020, a total of 87,137 confirmed cases globally, 79,968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China, with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile, several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus, with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus, pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV, and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly, increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission, along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.

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Journal ID (nlm-ta): Healthcare (Basel)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Healthcare (Basel)

Journal ID (publisher-id): healthcare

Title: Healthcare

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 2227-9032

Publication date (Electronic): 25 July 2020

Publication date Collection: September 2020

Volume: 8

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 232

Affiliations

[1 ]Institute of Medical Education, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan; shaur.sarfaraz@ 123456jsmu.edu.pk

[2 ]Operative Dentistry Department, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi 75290, Pakistan; dr.juzer.shabbir@ 123456gmail.com

[3 ]Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi 74200, Pakistan; adeel.mudasser@ 123456duhs.edu.pk

[4 ]Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia

[5 ]Department of Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 319825, Saudi Arabia; aalquraini@ 123456kfu.edu.sa

[6 ]Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan; maria_shakoor@ 123456hotmail.com

[7 ]Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; jithendra.ratnayake@ 123456otago.ac.nz

[8 ]Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia; mzafar@ 123456taibahu.edu.sa

[9 ]Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

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[* ]Correspondence: zsultan@ 123456kfu.edu.sa ; Tel.: +96-65-5842-0410

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Shaur Sarfaraz https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-9107

Juzer Shabbir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-5431

Zohaib Khurshid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7998-7335

Ahmed Adel A. Al-Quraini https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3288-9310

Maria Shakoor Abbasi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-0988

Muhammad Sohail Zafar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-7067

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Publisher ID: healthcare-08-00232

DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8030232

PMC ID: 7551794

PubMed ID: 32722402

SO-VID: 7d8cde43-d612-4403-b1a3-b75caf062074

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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Knowledge and Attitude of Dental Practitioners Related to Disinfection during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 27

Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding

The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak

The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

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