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      Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the elderly Translated title: Colangiopancreatografía endoscópica retrógrada en el adulto mayor

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          Abstract

          Background. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a widely used technique for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Objective. To know the complication rate of ERCP in the elderly. Patients and methods. Patient files who underwent ERCP were reviewed and were divided into two groups: aged 65 and older (group 1) and less than 65 years (group 2). Sociodemographic variables, prophylactic antibiotic use, indications for ERCP and outcomes were assessed. Results. Mean age in group 1 was 72.9 years and 41.7 years in group 2. Group 1 had more comorbidity (p < 0.001). The most frequent indication for the procedure was obstructive jaundice in both groups (63% versus 44%; p = 0.002). Malignancy was more frequent as a cause of biliary obstruction in group 1 (45% versus 21%; p < 0.001). ERCP was performed once in 76% in group 1 and 93% in group 2 (p = 0.001). Prophylactic antibiotics were used more frequently in group 1 (84% versus 60%; p < 0.001). There were no differences between groups regarding infectious complications (p = 0.700). There was no difference in mortality rates between groups. Conclusion. ERCP is a safe procedure in elderly patients. The elderly frequently have more comorbidity. Nevertheless, the complication and mortality rates did not differ in this study. It is noteworthy that elderly patients received prophylactic antibiotics more frequently than younger patients but infectious complications were not different. The patients should not be excluded from ERCP based on their age.

          Translated abstract

          Introducción. La colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es un procedimiento ampliamente utilizado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades biliares y pancreáticas. Objetivo. Conocer la frecuencia de complicaciones de la CPRE en los adultos mayores. Pacientes y métodos. Se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes que se sometieron a CPRE y se dividieron en dos grupos: de 65 años o mayores (grupo 1) y menores de 65 años (grupo 2). Se documentaron variables sociodemográficas, uso de antibióticos profilácticos, indicación de la CPRE y evolución. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue de 72.9 años en el grupo 1 y 41.7 años en el grupo 2. El grupo 1 presentó mayor frecuencia de comorbilidad (p < 0.001). La indicación más frecuente para la realización del procedimiento en ambos grupos fue la ictericia obstructiva (63 vs. 44%; p = 0.002). El cáncer fue más frecuente causa de obstrucción en el grupo 1 (45 vs. 21%; p < 0.001). La CPRE se realizó una vez en 76% del grupo 1 y en 93% en el grupo 2 (p = 0.001). Los antibióticos profilácticos se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia en el grupo 1 (84 vs. 60%; p < 0.001). Sí bien, no hubo diferencias en relación con la frecuencia de complicaciones infecciosas (p = 0.700). No hubo diferencias en mortalidad entre los dos grupos. Conclusión. La CPRE es un procedimiento seguro para los adultos mayores. Los adultos mayores frecuentemente presentan mayor comorbílídad. Sin embargo, la frecuencia de complicaciones y mortalidad no fue diferente en este estudio. Es importante señalar que los adultos mayores recibieron con mayor frecuencia antibióticos profilácticos que los pacientes de menor edad, pero la frecuencia de complicaciones infecciosas no fue diferente. No debe excluirse a los pacientes de la CPRE por su edad.

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          Complications of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy.

          Endoscopic sphincterotomy is commonly used to remove bile-duct stones and to treat other problems. We prospectively investigated risk factors for complications of this procedure and their outcomes. We studied complications that occurred within 30 days of endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in consecutive patients treated at 17 institutions in the United States and Canada from 1992 through 1994. Of 2347 patients, 229 (9.8 percent) had a complication, including pancreatitis in 127 (5.4 percent) and hemorrhage in 48 (2.0 Percent). There were 55 deaths from all causes within 30 days; death was directly or indirectly related to the procedure in 10 cases. Of five significant risk factors for complications identified in a multivariate analysis, two were characteristics of the patients (suspected dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi as an indication for the procedure and the presence of cirrhosis) and three were related to the endoscopic technique (difficulty in cannulating the bile duct achievement of access to the bile duct by "precut" sphincterotomy, and use of a combined percutaneous-endoscopic procedure). The overall risk of complications was not related to the patient's age, the number of coexisting illnesses, or the diameter of the bile duct. The rate of complications was highest when the indication for the procedure was suspected dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi (21.7 percent) and lowest when the indication was removal of bile-duct stones within 30 days of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (4.9 percent). As compared with those who performed fewer procedures, endoscopists who performed more than one sphincterotomy per week had lower rates of all complications (8.4 percent vs. 11.1 percent, P=0.03) and severe complications (0.9 percent vs. 2.3 percent, P=0.01). The rate of complications after endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy can vary widely in different circumstances and is primarily related to the indication for the procedure and to endoscopic technique, rather than to the age or general medical condition of the patients.
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            Endoscopic sphincterotomy complications and their management: an attempt at consensus

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              Complications of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: a prospective multicenter study.

              Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP/ES) can be associated with unforeseeable complications, especially when involving postprocedural pancreatitis. The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors for complications of ERCP/ES in a prospective multicentric study. One hundred fifty variables were prospectively collected at time of ERCP/ES and before hospital discharge over 2 years, in consecutive patients undergoing the procedure in nine endoscopic units in the Lombardy region of Italy. More than 150 ERCPs were performed in each center per year by a single operator or by a team of no more than three endoscopists. Two thousand four hundred sixty-two procedures were performed; 18 patients were discharged because the papilla of Vater was not reached (duodenal obstruction, previous gastrectomy, etc.). Two thousand four hundred forty-four procedures were considered in 2103 patients. Overall complications occurred in 121 patients (4.95% of cases): pancreatitis in 44 patients (1.8%), hemorrhage in 30 (1.13%), cholangitis in 14 (0.57%), perforation during ES in 14 (0.57%), and others in 14 (0.57%); deaths occurred in three patients (0.12%). In multivariate analysis, the following were significant risk factors: a) for pancreatitis, age (< or = 60 yr), use of precutting technique, and failed clearing of biliary stones, and b) for hemorrhage, precut sphincterotomy and obstruction of the orifice of the papilla of Vater. The results of our study further contribute to the assessment of risk factors for complications related to ERCP/ES. It is crucial to identify high risk patients to reduce complications of the procedures.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ric
                Revista de investigación clínica
                Rev. invest. clín.
                Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (México, DF, Mexico )
                0034-8376
                October 2005
                : 57
                : 5
                : 666-670
                Affiliations
                [01] Mexico City orgnameInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán orgdiv1Department of Gastroenterology montano@ 123456quetzal.innsz.mx
                Article
                S0034-83762005000500002 S0034-8376(05)05700500002
                7dab6fd8-7843-45cf-8f88-90b239d35c01

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 March 2005
                : 29 June 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Original articles

                Complication,Elderly,CPRE,ERCP,Jaundice,Adultos mayores,Ictericia
                Complication, Elderly, CPRE, ERCP, Jaundice, Adultos mayores, Ictericia

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