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      Observational Studies and a Statistical Early Warning of Surface Ozone Pollution in Tangshan, the Largest Heavy Industry City of North China

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          Abstract

          Continuous measurements of surface ozone (O 3) and nitrogen oxides (NO X) at an urban site (39°37′N, 118°09′E) in Tangshan, the largest heavy industry city of North China during summertime from 2008 to 2011 are presented. The pollution of O 3 was serious in the city. The daily maximum 1 h means (O 3_1-hr max) reached 157 ± 55, 161 ± 54, 120 ± 50, and 178 ± 75 μg/m 3 corresponding to an excess over the standard rates of 21%, 27%, 10%, and 40% in 2008–2011, respectively. The total oxidant level (O X = O 3 + NO 2) was high, with seasonal average concentrations up to 100 μg/m 3 in summer. The level of O X at a given location was made up of NO X-independent and NO X-dependent contributions. The independent part can be considered as a regional contribution and was about 100 μg/m 3 in Tangshan. Statistical early warning analysis revealed that the O 3 levels would exceed the standard rate by 50% on the day following a day when the daily average ozone concentration (O 3_mean) exceeded 87 μg/m 3 and the daily maximum temperature (T _max) exceeded 29 °C. The exceed-standard rate would reach 80% when O 3_mean and T _max exceeded 113 μg/m 3 and 31 °C. Similarly, the exceed-standard rate would reach 100% when O 3_mean and T _max exceeded 127 μg/m 3 and 33 °C, respectively.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                13 March 2013
                March 2013
                : 10
                : 3
                : 1048-1061
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; E-Mails: lipei@ 123456dq.cern.ac.cn (P.L.); baixp11@ 123456lzu.edu.cn (X.B.); wangsg@ 123456lzu.edu.cn (S.W.)
                [2 ] State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; E-Mails: wys@ 123456dq.cern.ac.cn (Y.W.); lsx@ 123456dq.cern.ac.cn (S.L.)
                [3 ] Unit 93534 of PLA, Beijing 101212, China
                [4 ] College of Material Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063009, China; E-Mail: fxxipac@ 123456163.com
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: xjy@ 123456mail.iap.ac.cn ; Tel.: +86-10-6205-9568; Fax: +86-10-8208-0530.
                Article
                ijerph-10-01048
                10.3390/ijerph10031048
                3709303
                23485953
                7db6984a-60f3-46fb-82cd-5271c2b892b6
                © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                : 31 January 2013
                : 04 March 2013
                : 05 March 2013
                Categories
                Article

                Public health
                tangshan,ozone pollution,o3,nitrogen oxides,early warning,heavy industry city
                Public health
                tangshan, ozone pollution, o3, nitrogen oxides, early warning, heavy industry city

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