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      Promoting smoke-free environments in Latin America: a comparison of methods to assess secondhand smoke exposure Translated title: Promoción de ambientes libres de humo en América Latina: una comparación de métodos para evaluar la exposición a humo de tabaco

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          Abstract

          Secondhand smoke (SHS) contains toxicants and carcinogens that are known to cause premature death and disease. Objectively measuring SHS exposure can support and evaluate smoke-free legislations. In Latin America, the most commonly used methods to measure SHS exposure are airborne nicotine and respirable suspended particles (PM2.5). Here we present results from studies conducted in public places and homes across Latin American countries. Airborne nicotine was detected in most locations between 2002-2006, before the implementation of 100% smoke-free legislation in Uruguay, Panama, Guatemala and other large cities within Latin America. Between 2006 and 2008, PM2.5 levels were found to be five times higher in places where smoking was present at the time of sampling compared to those without smoking. Measuring SHS exposure across Latin America has increased our understanding of the magnitude of exposure in this region and results have been used to effectively promote smoke-free legislation.

          Translated abstract

          El humo de tabaco (HT) contiene tóxicos y carcinógenos que causan muerte prematura y enfermedades. La medición objetiva de la exposición en el ambiente a HT puede apoyar y evaluar las legislaciones que prohiben fumar. Aquí presentamos resultados de estudios realizados en lugares públicos y hogares latinoamericanos usando los métodos más comunes para esta exposición: nicotina y partículas respirables (PM2.5). Se detectó nicotina en el aire de la mayoría de los lugares muestreados entre 2002-2006, antes de la ejecución de la legislación 100% libre de humo en Uruguay, Panamá, y Guatemala. Entre 2006-2008, los niveles de PM2.5 resultaron ser cinco veces mayores en lugares donde personas fumaban comparado con lugares sin fumadores. Medir la exposición al HT en América Latina ha aumentado nuestra comprensión de la magnitud de la exposición en esta región y ha servido para promover eficazmente legislación libre de humo de tabaco.

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          WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

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            Secondhand smoke exposure among women and children: evidence from 31 countries.

            We sought to describe the range of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among women and children living with smokers around the world and generate locally relevant data to motivate the development of tobacco control policies and interventions in developing countries. In 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional exposure survey to measure air nicotine concentrations in households and hair nicotine concentrations among nonsmoking women and children in convenience samples of 40 households in 31 countries. Median air nicotine concentration was 17 times higher in households with smokers (0.18 mug/m(3)) compared with households without smokers (0.01 mug/m(3)). Air nicotine and hair nicotine concentrations in women and children increased with the number of smokers in the household. The dose-response relationship was steeper among children. Air nicotine concentrations increased an estimated 12.9 times (95% confidence interval=9.4, 17.6) in households allowing smoking inside compared with those prohibiting smoking inside. Our results indicate that women and children living with smokers are at increased risk of premature death and disease from exposure to SHS. Interventions to protect women and children from household SHS need to be strengthened.
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              A diffusion monitor to measure exposure to passive smoking.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spm
                Salud Pública de México
                Salud pública Méx
                Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico )
                0036-3634
                2010
                : 52
                : suppl 2
                : S138-S148
                Affiliations
                [04] Maryland orgnameJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health orgdiv1Department of Environmental Health Sciences USA
                [03] Buffalo New York orgnameRoswell Park Cancer Institute orgdiv1Department of Health Behavior USA
                [01] Baltimore Maryland orgnameJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health orgdiv1Institute for Global Tobacco Control USA
                [02] Baltimore Maryland orgnameJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health orgdiv1Department of Epidemiology USA
                Article
                S0036-36342010000800009 S0036-3634(10)05200009
                10.1590/s0036-36342010000800009
                7e0188a0-84a9-4407-8d55-de45cbc31dc4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 April 2010
                : 22 March 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Environmental Exposure to Tobacco Smoke

                nicotine,surveillance,air pollution,contaminación por humo de tabaco,vigilancia,material particulado,nicotina,tobacco smoke,particulate matter

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