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      New materials for micro-scale sensors and actuators

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          Lead-free piezoceramics.

          Lead has recently been expelled from many commercial applications and materials (for example, from solder, glass and pottery glaze) owing to concerns regarding its toxicity. Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics are high-performance piezoelectric materials, which are widely used in sensors, actuators and other electronic devices; they contain more than 60 weight per cent lead. Although there has been a concerted effort to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found. Here we report a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with an electric-field-induced strain comparable to typical actuator-grade PZT. We achieved this through the combination of the discovery of a morphotropic phase boundary in an alkaline niobate-based perovskite solid solution, and the development of a processing route leading to highly textured polycrystals. The ceramic exhibits a piezoelectric constant d33 (the induced charge per unit force applied in the same direction) of above 300 picocoulombs per newton (pC N(-1)), and texturing the material leads to a peak d33 of 416 pC N(-1). The textured material also exhibits temperature-independent field-induced strain characteristics.
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            Plastic Solar Cells

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              Layered Magnetic Structures: Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Coupling of Fe Layers across Cr Interlayers

              Physical Review Letters, 57(19), 2442-2445
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports
                Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports
                Elsevier BV
                0927796X
                June 2007
                June 2007
                : 56
                : 1-6
                : 1-129
                Article
                10.1016/j.mser.2007.03.001
                7e1045ae-1174-49c7-8600-4f124c13a732
                © 2007

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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