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      Myriapoda of Canada

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The currently documented fauna of described species of myriapods in Canada includes 54 Chilopoda , 66 Diplopoda , 23 Pauropoda , and two Symphyla , representing increases of 24, 23, 23, and one species, respectively, since 1979. Of the 145 myriapod species currently documented, 40 species are not native to Canada. The myriapods have not been well documented with DNA barcodes and no barcodes are available for Pauropoda . It is conservatively estimated that at least 93 additional myriapods species will be discovered in Canada: Chilopoda (40), Diplopoda (29), Pauropoda (17), and Symphyla (seven). In general, there is a serious dearth of knowledge about myriapods in Canada, and systematics research and surveys continue to be needed to help document the diversity and distribution of these groups in the country.

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          A common terminology for the external anatomy of centipedes (Chilopoda)

          Abstract A common terminology for the external morphological characters of centipedes (Chilopoda) is proposed. Terms are selected from the alternatives used in the English literature, preferring those most frequently used or those that have been introduced explicitly. A total of 330 terms are defined and illustrated, and another ca. 500 alternatives are listed.
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            Centipede Venom: Recent Discoveries and Current State of Knowledge

            Centipedes are among the oldest extant venomous predators on the planet. Armed with a pair of modified, venom-bearing limbs, they are an important group of predatory arthropods and are infamous for their ability to deliver painful stings. Despite this, very little is known about centipede venom and its composition. Advances in analytical tools, however, have recently provided the first detailed insights into the composition and evolution of centipede venoms. This has revealed that centipede venom proteins are highly diverse, with 61 phylogenetically distinct venom protein and peptide families. A number of these have been convergently recruited into the venoms of other animals, providing valuable information on potential underlying causes of the occasionally serious complications arising from human centipede envenomations. However, the majority of venom protein and peptide families bear no resemblance to any characterised protein or peptide family, highlighting the novelty of centipede venoms. This review highlights recent discoveries and summarises the current state of knowledge on the fascinating venom system of centipedes.
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              Current and Potential Roles of Soil Macroinvertebrates (Earthworms, Millipedes, and Isopods) in Ecological Restoration

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                ZooKeys
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2019
                24 January 2019
                : 819
                : 169-186
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 5320–122 St. NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 3S5, Canada Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service Edmonton Canada
                [2 ] Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada University of Guelph Guelph Canada
                [3 ] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, 320 N. Wayne St., Milledgeville, Georgia, 31061, USA Georgia College and State University Milledgeville United States of America
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: David W. Langor ( david.langor@ 123456canada.ca )

                Academic editor: C. Sheffield

                Article
                10.3897/zookeys.819.29447
                6355731
                7e1cd3cf-71ef-448b-9ef8-13faf5977898
                David W. Langor, Jeremy R. deWaard, Bruce A. Snyder

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication.

                History
                : 31 August 2018
                : 9 October 2018
                Categories
                Review Article
                Myriapoda
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Cenozoic
                Americas

                Animal science & Zoology
                biodiversity assessment,biota of canada,centipedes, chilopoda , diplopoda ,millipedes, pauropoda , symphyla

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