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      Fatores associados à recorrência da infecção do trato urinário em crianças Translated title: The factors associated to urinary tract infection recurrence in children

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: verificar a freqüência de infecção urinária recorrente (ITU) e avaliar os fatores associados à recorrência da ITU em crianças. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo de 95 pacientes com seguimento de um ano (68 meninas e 27 meninos, mediana de idade três anos). As variáveis estudadas foram: sexo, idade, febre, constipação, tipo de bactéria, refluxo vésico-ureteral (RVU), anormalidades na cintilografia renal com ácido dimercaptosuccínico (DMSA). RESULTADOS: infecção urinária recorrente ocorreu em 49,5% crianças (19 com trato urinário normal, 19 com RVU e 9 com estenose da junção pielocalicial). Comparando o grupo com ITU recorrente com o grupo sem ITU recorrente não se encontrou diferença significativa entre sexos, presença de febre, constipação e anormalidades na cintilografia renal com DMSA. A ITU recorrente foi significativamente maior nas crianças com um ano ou menos, naquelas menores de dois anos com RVU, nas com bactéria diferente da Escherichia coli e sem profilaxia antibacteriana. Os fatores de risco significativos para a recorrência ITU foram idade < 2 anos (OR = 3,83) e refluxo vésico-ureteral (OR = 4,95). CONCLUSÕES: por causa da elevada freqüência de ITU recorrente é importante o seguimento regular de grupo de crianças com fatores de risco para ITU recorrente.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: to determine the frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and to evaluate the factors associated to UTI recurrence in children. METHODS: retrospective study of 95 patients with one year follow-up (68 girls and 27 boys, median of age three years old). The variables studied were: sex, age, fever, constipation, bacteria specimen, vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), abnormalities of renal Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy. RESULTS: Recurrent UTI occurred in 49.5% children (19 with normal urinary tract, 19 with VUR and 9 with stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction ). Comparing data of the group with recurrent UTI and the group without recurrent UTI the following was determined: there were no significant differences between sexes, presence of fever, constipation and abnormalities in renal DMSA scintigraphy. Recurrent UTI was significantly higher in symptomatic children < 1 year old, of those with < 2 years old, with VUR, with bacteria other than Escherichia coli and the ones not receiving antibacterial prophylaxis. Risk factors for UTI recurrence were age < 2 years old (Odds ratio = 3.83) and vesicoureteral reflux-(Odds ratio = 4.95). CONCLUSIONS: due to the high recurrent UTI frequency the regular follow-up of children with risk factor for recurrent UTI is essential.

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          Most cited references27

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          Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection and their resolution with treatment of chronic constipation of childhood.

          To evaluate the frequency of urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection in children with chronic constipation and report on the resolution of these with treatment of the underlying constipation. We evaluated the frequency of urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection in 234 chronic constipated and encopretic children before, and at least 12 months after, the start of treatment for constipation. Twenty-nine percent complained of daytime urinary incontinence and 34% of nighttime urinary incontinence. Urinary tract infection was present in 11% and was more commonly present in girls than in boys (33% vs 3%). Vesicoureteral reflux was present in four and megacystis in four of the 25 children who had a voiding cystourethrogram because of urinary tract infection. One girl who came in had constipation and acute urinary retention. The treatment for constipation consisted of disimpaction and maintenance treatment, which included the prevention of reaccumulation of stools and reconditioning to normal bowel habits through timed toilet sitting. Follow-up, at least 12 months after start of treatment for constipation, revealed that the constipation was relieved successfully in 52%. Relief of constipation resulted in disappearance of daytime urinary incontinence in 89% and nighttime urinary incontinence in 63% of patients, and disappearance of recurrent urinary tract infections in all patients who had no anatomic abnormality of the urinary tract. Urinary symptoms were found in a significant number of children who had functional constipation and encopresis. With treatment of the constipation, most patients became clean and dry and further recurrence of urinary tract infections was prevented.
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            Practice Parameter: The Diagnosis, Treatment, and Evaluation of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children

            (1999)
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              The natural history of bacteriuria in childhood.

              Urinary tract infections are common during infancy and childhood but are easily overlooked because of the unspecific symptoms. Prevention of renal scarring and its potential long-term consequences is possible but requires an increased awareness of the diagnosis, the imaging revealing anomalies within the urinary tract, and the long-term supervision. This should include any possibility of the child having pyelonephritic recurrences, which should be treated without delay; however, asymptomatic bacteriuria in infants and children is an innocent condition and screening is not recommended.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbsmi
                Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
                Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.
                Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (Recife )
                1806-9304
                April 2007
                : 7
                : 2
                : 151-157
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S1519-38292007000200005
                10.1590/S1519-38292007000200005
                7e26f4be-c6a1-4a8d-89a3-29df02a1374b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-3829&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                Child,Recurrent urinary tract infection,Risk factors,Criança,Infecção urinária recorrente,Fatores de risco

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