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      Morrer num Serviço De Medicina Interna: As Últimas Horas de Vida Translated title: Dying in Internal Medicine Wards: The Last Hours of Life

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          Abstract

          Introdução: A longevidade crescente e o aumento das doenças crónicas justificam o número de doentes com necessidades paliativas nos serviços de Medicina Interna. O internista deve estar capacitado para assegurar cuidados de conforto no fim da vida dos doentes que assiste. O objectivo do estudo foi analisar a terapêutica realizada e os exames complementares de diagnóstico (ECD) solicitados nas 48 horas antes do óbito. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional, com análise de 100 óbitos consecutivos (de doentes com “indicação para não reanimar”) ocorridos no Serviço de Medicina Interna durante um ano. Resultados: A duração do internamento foi de 9,4 ± 7,9 dias, a idade de 86,5 ± 9,9 anos, sem diferenças de género. Verificou-se que 71,0% dos doentes tinha, pelo menos, um ECD pedido. Dos ECD constavam análises sanguíneas (54,0%), hemoculturas (17,0%), radiografias (19,0%), ecografias (8,0%) ou tomografia axial computorizada (2,0%). Foram prescritos: nebulizações (76,0%), antibioterapia (74,0%, sendo 44,6% de largo espectro), heparina de baixo peso molecular (71,0%), analgésicos não opióides (53,0%), entre outros. Em 28,0% dos casos não havia qualquer analgesia prescrita. A taxa de prescrição de opióides foi de 19,0%. Conclusão: É urgente a necessidade de mudança de paradigma na assistência de doentes vulneráveis. A medicina não deve ter sempre um fulgor curativo, porém deve permanentemente cuidar, respeitando os valores culturais, clínicos e éticos da relação médico-doente. O internista deve nos doentes em fim de vida melhorar o seu controlo sintomático e evitar o recurso a ECD inapropriados e sem qualquer benefício acrescido para a pessoa humana.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction:The increasing longevity and number of chronic diseases justify the number of patients with palliative needs in Internal Medicine services. The internist should be able to ensure comfort care at the end of life of the patients he is attending. The study objective was to analyze the therapy performed and complementary diagnostic tests (CDT) requested within 48 hours before death. Methods: Retrospective observational study with 100 consecutive deaths (from patients with “do not resuscitate indication”) occurring in the Internal Medicine Service for a year. Results: The length of stay was 9.4 ± 7.9 days, the age 86.5 ± 9.9 years, with no gender differences. It was found that 71.0% of patients had at least one CDT application. CDTs included blood tests (54.0%), blood cultures (17.0%), radiographs (19.0%), ultrasound scans (8.0%) or computerized axial tomography (2.0%). They were prescribed: nebulizations (76.0%), antibiotic therapy (74.0%, being 44.6% broad spectrum), low molecular weight heparin (71.0%), nonopioid analgesics (53.0%), among others. In 28.0% of cases there was no prescribed analgesia. The opioid prescription rate was 19.0%. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for a paradigm shift in the care of vulnerable patients. Medicine should not always have a healing glow, but it must always take care, respecting the cultural, clinical and ethical values of the doctor-patient relationship. The internist should in end-of-life patients improve their symptomatic control and avoid the use of inappropriate CDTs without any added benefit to the human person.

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          Infection management and multidrug-resistant organisms in nursing home residents with advanced dementia.

          Infection management in advanced dementia has important implications for (1) providing high-quality care to patients near the end of life and (2) minimizing the public health threat posed by the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs).
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              Futile medication use in terminally ill cancer patients.

              Cancer patients usually take many medications. The proportion of patients with advanced cancer who are taking futile drugs is unknown. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all consecutive ambulatory patients with advanced cancer and who were receiving supportive care exclusively at palliative care clinics, Princess Margaret Hospital, to gather information on futile medications used by them. Futile medications were defined as unnecessary (when no short-term benefit to patients with respect to survival, quality of life, or symptom control was anticipated) or duplicate (two or more drugs from the same pharmacological class). Summary statistics were used to describe the results. From November 2005 to July 2006, 82 (22%) of 372 patients were taking at least one futile medication before consultation; after initial consultation, this proportion dropped to 20% (78): 70 patients were taking unnecessary medications, while eight were on duplicate medications. The most frequent unnecessary medications used by patients were statins (56%). The most common duplicate medication involved the use of two different benzodiazepines (seven patients). About one fifth of cancer outpatients at the end of life take futile medications, most commonly statins. Prospective and population-based studies are warranted to further evaluate the magnitude and consequences of futile medication use in oncology.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mint
                Medicina Interna
                Medicina Interna
                Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                0872-671X
                December 2018
                : 25
                : 4
                : 286-292
                Affiliations
                [3] Sintra orgnameCasa de Saúde da Idanha orgdiv1Unidade de Cuidados Paliativos Portugal
                [2] Lisboa orgnameUniversidade de Lisboa orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Portugal
                [1] Coimbra orgnameCentro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra orgdiv1Serviço de Medicina Interna Portugal
                Article
                S0872-671X2018000400008
                10.24950/rspmi/original/90/4/2018
                7e2a9d03-af6a-42be-a4d2-54b0d9a63030

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 May 2018
                : 12 September 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Hospitalization,Internal Medicine,Medical Futility,Palliative Care,Patient Care Management,Terminal Care,Administração dos Cuidados ao Doente,Cuidados Paliativos,Cuidados Terminais,Hospitalização,Medicina Interna,Obstinação Terapêutica

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