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      • Record: found
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      Emerging health risks from agricultural intensification in Southeast Asia: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Background

          Agricultural intensification is having profound impacts on food security and rural livelihoods; however, concerns remain about the potential implications on public health.

          Objectives

          We aim to examine and synthesize the evidence for human health risks of agricultural intensification in Southeast Asia.

          Methods

          We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and December 2015 from two electronic databases (PubMed, CAB Direct).

          Results

          A total of 73 relevant studies were included and evaluated. More than half of the studies used epidemiological methods while others applied alternative methods to quantify or estimate risks. Studies mainly focused on occupational and consumer exposure to pesticides, without often specifying the actual health risk.

          Conclusion

          Overall, the current knowledge on health risks appears to be limited. More research on long-term health implications and a wider range of contaminants are needed if sustainable benefits are to be obtained from agricultural intensification.

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          Most cited references60

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          Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties.

          P Matson, W J Parton, A. G. Power … (1997)
          Expansion and intensification of cultivation are among the predominant global changes of this century. Intensification of agriculture by use of high-yielding crop varieties, fertilization,irrigation, and pesticides has contributed substantially to the tremendous increases in food production over the past 50 years. Land conversion and intensification,however, also alter the biotic interactions and patterns of resource availability in ecosystems and can have serious local, regional, and global environmental consequences.The use of ecologically based management strategies can increase the sustainability of agricultural production while reducing off-site consequences.
          Article 0 comments Cited 504 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Pesticide poisoning of farm workers-implications of blood test results from Vietnam.

            Craig Meisner, Kathy N. Lam, David Wheeler … (2007)
            Information on the health impacts of pesticides is quite limited in many developing countries, with many surveys relying solely on farmer self-assessments of their health status. To test the reliability of self-reported data, an acetyl cholinesterase enzyme (AChE) blood test was conducted for 190 rice farmers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Results reveal a high prevalence of pesticide poisoning by organophosphate and carbamate exposure, where over 35% of test subjects experienced acute pesticide poisoning (a reduction of AChE >25%), and 21% chronically poisoned (>66% AChE reduction). Using the medical test results as benchmarks, we find that farmers' self-reported symptoms have very weak associations with actual poisoning. To investigate the possible determinants of pesticide poisoning, a probit model was constructed with pesticide amount, toxicity, training, and the use of protective measures as explanatory variables. The results indicate that although the absolute amount of pesticides used does not increase the probability of poisoning, a 1% increase in the use of highly hazardous pesticides (WHO Ia or Ib) increases the probability of poisoning by 3.9% and an increased use of protective measures decreases the probability of poisoning by 44.3%. We also find significant provincial differences in poisoning incidence after we control for individual factors. The provincial effects highlight the potential importance of negative externalities, and suggest that future research on pesticide-related damage should include information on local water, air and soil contamination.
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              Pesticide pollution of multiple drinking water sources in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: evidence from two provinces.

              W Amelung, F Renaud, Z Sebesvari … (2015)
              Pollution of drinking water sources with agrochemicals is often a major threat to human and ecosystem health in some river deltas, where agricultural production must meet the requirements of national food security or export aspirations. This study was performed to survey the use of different drinking water sources and their pollution with pesticides in order to inform on potential exposure sources to pesticides in rural areas of the Mekong River delta, Vietnam. The field work comprised both household surveys and monitoring of 15 frequently used pesticide active ingredients in different water sources used for drinking (surface water, groundwater, water at public pumping stations, surface water chemically treated at household level, harvested rainwater, and bottled water). Our research also considered the surrounding land use systems as well as the cropping seasons. Improper pesticide storage and waste disposal as well as inadequate personal protection during pesticide handling and application were widespread amongst the interviewed households, with little overall risk awareness for human and environmental health. The results show that despite the local differences in the amount and frequency of pesticides applied, pesticide pollution was ubiquitous. Isoprothiolane (max. concentration 8.49 μg L(-1)), fenobucarb (max. 2.32 μg L(-1)), and fipronil (max. 0.41 μg L(-1)) were detected in almost all analyzed water samples (98 % of all surface samples contained isoprothiolane, for instance). Other pesticides quantified comprised butachlor, pretilachlor, propiconazole, hexaconazole, difenoconazole, cypermethrin, fenoxapro-p-ethyl, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, quinalphos, and thiamethoxam. Among the studied water sources, concentrations were highest in canal waters. Pesticide concentrations varied with cropping season but did not diminish through the year. Even in harvested rainwater or purchased bottled water, up to 12 different pesticides were detected at concentrations exceeding the European Commission's parametric guideline values for individual or total pesticides in drinking water (0.1 and 0.5 μg L(-1); respectively). The highest total pesticide concentration quantified in bottled water samples was 1.38 μg L(-1). Overall, we failed to identify a clean water source in the Mekong Delta with respect to pesticide pollution. It is therefore urgent to understand further and address drinking water-related health risk issues in the region.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Occup Environ Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Occup Environ Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): YJOH
                Title: International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Print): 1077-3525
                ISSN (Electronic): 2049-3967
                Publication date (Print): July 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 March 2018
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 250-260
                Affiliations
                [a ]Hanoi University of Public Health, Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
                [b ]Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
                [c ]Vietnam Public Health Association, Hanoi, Vietnam
                [d ]International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. Email: lams@ 123456uoguelph.ca
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7279-6165
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-0542
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9877-0596
                Article
                Publisher ID: yjoh-23-250
                DOI: 10.1080/10773525.2018.1450923
                PMC ID: 6060873
                PubMed ID: 29560804
                SO-VID: 7e30ef4a-558a-44cb-8dde-1bf7fe52f6d6
                Copyright © © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 24 September 2016
                Date accepted : 07 March 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: International Development Research Centre 10.13039/501100000193
                Award ID: 106556
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: agricultural intensification,crop production,health risk,livestock production,southeast asia,systematic review
                Data availability:
                Keywords: agricultural intensification, crop production, health risk, livestock production, southeast asia, systematic review

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