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      Extensive air showers with TeV-scale quantum gravity

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          Abstract

          One of the possible consequences of the existence of extra degrees of freedom beyond the electroweak scale is the increase of neutrino-nucleon cross sections (\(\sigma_{\nu N}\)) beyond Standard Model predictions. At ultra-high energies this may allow the existence of neutrino-initiated extensive air showers. In this paper, we examine the most relevant observables of such showers. Our analysis indicates that the future Pierre Auger Observatory could be potentially powerful in probing models with large compact dimensions.

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          A Large Mass Hierarchy from a Small Extra Dimension

          We propose a new higher-dimensional mechanism for solving the Hierarchy Problem. The Weak scale is generated from a large scale of order the Planck scale through an exponential hierarchy. However, this exponential arises not from gauge interactions but from the background metric (which is a slice of AdS_5 spacetime). This mechanism relies on the existence of only a single additional dimension. We demonstrate a simple explicit example of this mechanism with two three-branes, one of which contains the Standard Model fields. The experimental consequences of this scenario are new and dramatic. There are fundamental spin-2 excitations with mass of weak scale order, which are coupled with weak scale as opposed to gravitational strength to the standard model particles. The phenomenology of these models is quite distinct from that of large extra dimension scenarios; none of the current constraints on theories with very large extra dimensions apply.
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            An Alternative to Compactification

            Conventional wisdom states that Newton's force law implies only four non-compact dimensions. We demonstrate that this is not necessarily true in the presence of a non-factorizable background geometry. The specific example we study is a single 3-brane embedded in five dimensions. We show that even without a gap in the Kaluza-Klein spectrum, four-dimensional Newtonian and general relativistic gravity is reproduced to more than adequate precision.
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              The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter

              We propose a new framework for solving the hierarchy problem which does not rely on either supersymmetry or technicolor. In this framework, the gravitational and gauge interactions become united at the weak scale, which we take as the only fundamental short distance scale in nature. The observed weakness of gravity on distances \(\gsim\) 1 mm is due to the existence of \(n \geq 2\) new compact spatial dimensions large compared to the weak scale. The Planck scale \(M_{Pl} \sim G_N^{-1/2}\) is not a fundamental scale; its enormity is simply a consequence of the large size of the new dimensions. While gravitons can freely propagate in the new dimensions, at sub-weak energies the Standard Model (SM) fields must be localized to a 4-dimensional manifold of weak scale "thickness" in the extra dimensions. This picture leads to a number of striking signals for accelerator and laboratory experiments. For the case of \(n=2\) new dimensions, planned sub-millimeter measurements of gravity may observe the transition from \(1/r^2 \to 1/r^4\) Newtonian gravitation. For any number of new dimensions, the LHC and NLC could observe strong quantum gravitational interactions. Furthermore, SM particles can be kicked off our 4 dimensional manifold into the new dimensions, carrying away energy, and leading to an abrupt decrease in events with high transverse momentum \(p_T \gsim\) TeV. For certain compact manifolds, such particles will keep circling in the extra dimensions, periodically returning, colliding with and depositing energy to our four dimensional vacuum with frequencies of \( \sim 10^{12}\) Hz or larger. As a concrete illustration, we construct a model with SM fields localised on the 4-dimensional throat of a vortex in 6 dimensions, with a Pati-Salam gauge symmetry \(SU(4) \times SU(2) \times SU(2)\) in the bulk.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                2000-11-07
                2001-02-05
                Article
                10.1103/PhysRevD.63.124009
                hep-ph/0011097
                7e48043b-ff7f-440c-ad12-741ca57f6912
                History
                Custom metadata
                Phys.Rev.D63:124009,2001
                7 pages revtex, 5 eps figs
                hep-ph astro-ph hep-th

                General astrophysics,High energy & Particle physics
                General astrophysics, High energy & Particle physics

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