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      Trends in the awareness, acceptability, and usage of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among at-risk men who have sex with men in Toronto

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral tenofovir/emtricitabine dramatically reduces HIV risk in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, uptake is slow worldwide.

          Methods

          We administered anonymous cross-sectional questionnaires to MSM presenting for anonymous HIV testing at a Toronto sexual health clinic at four successive time points during the period 2013–2016. We assessed trends in PrEP awareness, acceptability, and use over time using the Cochran-Armitage Trend Test, and identified barriers to using PrEP by constructing “PrEP cascades” using 2016 data. We assumed that to use PrEP, MSM must (a) be at risk for HIV, (b) be at objectively high risk (HIRI-MSM score ≥ 10), (c) perceive themselves to be at medium-to-high risk, (d) be aware of PrEP, (e) be willing to use PrEP, (f) have a family doctor, (g) be comfortable discussing sexual health with that doctor, and (h) have drug coverage/be willing to pay out of pocket.

          Results

          MSM participants were mostly white (54–59.5%), with median age 31 years (IQR = 26–38). PrEP awareness and use increased significantly over time (both p < 0.0001), reaching 91.3% and 5.0%, respectively, in the most recent wave. Willingness to use PrEP rose to 56.5%, but this increase did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.06). The full cascade, ABCDEFGH, suggested few could readily use PrEP under current conditions (11/400 = 2.8%). The largest barriers, in descending order, were low self-perceived HIV risk, unwillingness to use PrEP, and access to PrEP providers.

          Conclusion

          To maximize its potential public health benefits, PrEP scale-up strategies must address self-perceived HIV risk and increase access to PrEP providers.

          Résumé

          Objectifs

          La prise quotidienne de ténofovir et d’emtricitabine à titre de prophylaxie pré-exposition (PPrE) orale réduit considérablement le risque de contracter le VIH chez les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HARSAH). L’adoption de cette PPrE à l’échelle mondiale est toutefois lente.

          Méthode

          Nous avons fait passer des questionnaires transversaux anonymes à des HARSAH s’étant présentés pour un dépistage anonyme du VIH dans une clinique de santé sexuelle de Toronto à quatre moments consécutifs entre 2013 et 2016. Nous avons évalué les tendances liées à la connaissance, à l’acceptabilité et à l’utilisation de la PPrE au fil du temps à l’aide du test de tendance de Cochran-Armitage et déterminé les obstacles à l’utilisation de la PPrE en construisant des « cascades de PPrE » avec les données de 2016. Nous avons présumé que pour utiliser la PPrE, les HARSAH doivent: (a) être à risque de contracter le VIH, (b) courir un risque objectivement élevé (note ≥ 10 sur l’échelle HIRI-MSM), (c) se percevoir comme courant un risque moyen à élevé, (d) connaître la PPrE, (e) être disposés à utiliser la PPrE, (f) avoir un médecin de famille, (g) être à l’aise de parler de santé sexuelle avec ce médecin, et (h) avoir une assurance-médicaments ou être disposés à défrayer le coût des médicaments.

          Résultats

          Les HARSAH participants étaient en majorité de race blanche (54% à 59,5%) et avaient un âge médian de 31 ans (écart interquartile 26–38). Leur connaissance et leur utilisation de la PPrE a sensiblement augmenté au fil du temps ( p < 0,0001 dans les deux cas), pour atteindre 91,3% et 5% respectivement au cours du cycle le plus récent. Leur volonté d’utiliser la PPrE est passée à 56,5%, mais cette hausse n’était pas statistiquement significative ( p = 0,06). La cascade complète, ABCDEFGH, montre que peu d’entre eux pouvaient facilement utiliser la PPrE dans leur situation actuelle (11/400 = 2,8%). Les plus grands obstacles, en ordre descendant, étaient le faible risque autoperçu de contracter le VIH, la réticence à utiliser la PPrE et le manque d’accès aux dispensateurs de la PPrE.

          Conclusion

          Pour en maximiser les bienfaits éventuels pour la santé publique, les stratégies de mise à l’échelle de la PPrE doivent tenir compte de l’autoperception du risque de contracter le VIH et élargir l’accès aux dispensateurs de la PPrE.

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          Most cited references15

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          • Abstract: found
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          Healthcare Access and PrEP Continuation in San Francisco and Miami After the US PrEP Demo Project.

          Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for prevention of HIV infection has demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials and in demonstration projects. For PrEP implementation to result in significant reductions in HIV incidence for men who have sex with men in the United States, sufficient access to PrEP care and continued engagement outside of demonstration projects is required.
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            • Record: found
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            Acceptability of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in a Canadian Setting

            A recent clinical trial provided evidence that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to prevent HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID). We examined willingness to use PrEP among HIV-negative PWID in Vancouver, Canada (n = 543) to inform PrEP implementation efforts. One third (35.4 %) expressed willingness to use PrEP, with adjusted models indicating that younger age, no regular employment, requiring help injecting, engaging in sex work, and reporting multiple recent sexual partners were positively associated with willingness to use PrEP. Although willingness to use PrEP was low, PrEP was acceptable to some PWID at heightened risk for HIV infection.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Uptake of PrEP for HIV slow among MSM.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                416-864-5568 , darrell.tan@gmail.com
                Journal
                Can J Public Health
                Can J Public Health
                Canadian Journal of Public Health
                Springer International Publishing (Cham )
                0008-4263
                1920-7476
                26 April 2018
                26 April 2018
                2018
                : 109
                : 3
                : 342-352
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.415502.7, Centre for Urban Health Solutions, , St. Michael’s Hospital, ; Toronto, Canada
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8591 010X, GRID grid.423128.e, Ontario HIV Treatment Network, ; Toronto, Canada
                [3 ]Hassle Free Clinic, Toronto, Canada
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9422, GRID grid.68312.3e, Department of Psychology, , Ryerson University, ; Toronto, Canada
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, GRID grid.17063.33, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, , University of Toronto, ; Toronto, Canada
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, GRID grid.17063.33, Department of Medicine, , University of Toronto, ; Toronto, Canada
                [7 ]GRID grid.415502.7, Department of Medicine, , St. Michael’s Hospital, ; Toronto, Canada
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2157 2938, GRID grid.17063.33, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, , University of Toronto, ; Toronto, Canada
                [9 ]GRID grid.415502.7, Division of Infectious Diseases, , St. Michael’s Hospital, ; 30 Bond St, 4CC – Room 4-179, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
                Article
                64
                10.17269/s41997-018-0064-3
                6153704
                29981088
                7e483724-3154-40be-90f6-19d54d024999
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 18 July 2017
                : 17 February 2018
                Categories
                Quantitative Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Canadian Public Health Association 2018

                pre-exposure prophylaxis,hiv,men who have sex with men (msm),hiv prevention,prophylaxie pré-exposition,vih,hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (harsah),prévention du vih

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