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      Decrease in Pupation and Adult Emergence of Plutella xylostella (L.) treated with Hexaflumuron Translated title: Disminución en Pupación y Emergencia de Adultos de Plutella xylostella (L.) tratados por Hexaflumuron

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          Abstract

          The oligophagous pest Plutella xylostella (L.) is a major crucifer pest in Tehran Province, Iran. Hexaflumuron is an insect growth regulator insecticide with good effects on immature insect stages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25) of hexaflumuron on some biological parameters of P. xylostella larvae, such as birth rate (b), death rate (d), finite rate of increase (λ), generation time (T), sex ratio, pupation rate, and adult emergence. Results showed that hexaflumuron decreased the total number of eggs and oviposition and post-oviposition periods, pupation, and adult emergence in the treated generation, b, and λ. Hexaflumuron also increased T, d, and the pre-oviposition period. However, sex ratio, percentage of pupation, and adult emergence in the offspring generation were not affected by hexaflumuron. Overall, these results indicated that sublethal concentrations of hexaflumuron can affect the biological parameters of P. xylostella.

          Translated abstract

          Plutella xylostella (L.), una plaga oligofaga, es una importante plaga de crucíferas en la provincia de Teherán, Irán. Hexaflumuron, un insecticida regulador de crecimiento de insectos, tiene buenos efectos sobre estados inmaduros de insectos. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos de dos concentraciones subletales (LC10 y LC25) de hexaflumuron sobre algunos parámetros de larvas de P. xylostella tales como tasa de nacimiento (b) y tasa de mortalidad (d), tasa finita de aumento (λ), tiempo de generación (T), proporción de sexos, tasa de pupación, emergencia de adultos, y algunos otros parámetros. Los resultados mostraron que hexaflumuron redujo el número total de huevos y ovipostura y períodos de post-ovipostura, pupación, y emergencia de adultos en la generación tratada, b y λ. Hexaflumuron además aumentó T, d y el período pre-ovipostura. Sin embargo, la proporción de sexos, porcentaje de pupación, y emergencia de adultos en la generación producto no fueron afectados por hexaflumuron. En conclusion, estos resultados indicaron que las concentraciones subletales de hexaflumuron pueden afectar los parámetros biológicos de P. xylostella.

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          New insecticides with ecdysteroidal and juvenile hormone activity.

          Agrochemical research over the last two decades has resulted in the discovery of chemically novel insecticides that mimic the action of the two insect growth and developmental hormones, the steroidal 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH). Bisacylhydrazines are non-steroidal agonists of 20E and exhibit their insecticidal activity via interaction with the ecdysteroid receptor proteins. Interestingly, two of the bisacylhydrazine (tebufenozide and RH-2485) insecticides are very selectively toxic to lepidopteran pests. These insecticides are safe to beneficial insects and have a benign ecotoxicological profile. Aromatic non-terpenoidal insecticides (fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen) mimic the action of JHs. However, like the JHs, their exact mode of action is not well understood. These insecticides are toxic to a broad spectrum of insects during their embryonic, last larval, or reproductive stages. The insecticidal, ecotoxicological properties and the mode of action of the two groups of insecticides are reviewed in this article.
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            Statistical inference on associated fertility life table parameters using jackknife technique: computational aspects.

            Knowledge of population growth potential is crucial for studying population dynamics and for establishing management tactics for pest control. Estimation of population growth can be achieved with fertility life tables because they synthesize data on reproduction and mortality of a population. The five main parameters associated with a fertility life table are as follows: (1) the net reproductive rate (Ro), (2) the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), 3) the mean generation time (T), (4) the doubling time (Dt), and (5) the finite rate of increase (lambda). Jackknife and bootstrap techniques are used to calculate the variance of the rm estimate, which can be extended to the other parameters of life tables. Those methods are computer-intensive, their application requires the development of efficient algorithms, and their implementation is based on a programming language that encompasses quickness and reliability. The objectives of this article are to discuss statistical and computational aspects related to estimation of life table parameters and to present a SAS program that uses jackknife to estimate parameters for fertility life tables. The SAS program presented here allows the calculation of confidence intervals for all estimated parameters, as well as provides one-sided and two-sided t-tests to perform pairwise or multiple comparison between groups, with their respective P values.
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              Diamondback moth–host plant interactions: Implications for pest management

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                chiljar
                Chilean journal of agricultural research
                Chil. j. agric. res.
                Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA (Chillán, , Chile )
                0718-5839
                June 2012
                : 72
                : 2
                : 206-211
                Affiliations
                [04] Karaj orgnameUniversity of Tehran orgdiv1College of Agriculture and Natural Resources orgdiv2Department of Plant Protection Iran
                [03] Tehran orgnameIranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Iran
                [02] Khorramabad orgnameIslamic Azad University orgdiv1Department of Plant Protection Iran
                [01] Tehran orgnameShahed University orgdiv1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences orgdiv2Department of Plant Protection Iran
                Article
                S0718-58392012000200007 S0718-5839(12)07200200007
                10.4067/S0718-58392012000200007
                7e550816-fa24-401f-bd84-50e0235288d0

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 May 2012
                : 29 July 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 48, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                RESEARCH ARTICLES

                hexaflumuron,oviposition period,death rate,birth rate,período de ovipostura,Plutella xylostella,sublethal,tasa de mortalidad,tasa de nacimiento,subletal

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