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      Evaluación de la restauración activa mediante el índice de función arrecifal en arrecifes del Parque Nacional Islas Marietas Translated title: Evaluation of active restoration through the reef functional index in reefs of the Islas Marietas National Park

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los arrecifes coralinos constituyen uno de los ecosistemas marinos más biodiversos, además de proveer funciones geo-ecológicas de gran valor. Sin embargo, son afectados tanto por diversos estresores ambientales, como por aquellos de origen antrópico. En respuesta a lo anterior, se han implementado medidas de restauración activa, como en el caso de la comunidad coralina del Parque Nacional Islas Marietas (PNIM). Objetivos. Este trabajo pretende evaluar el efecto de la restauración coralina en la funcionalidad física (FF) mediante el uso del índice de función arrecifal (IFA), en arrecifes del PNIM en los años 2014 y 2021. Métodos. Se utilizó el IFA como métrica de la FF, puesto que es una manera más completa de evaluarla. El IFA considera tres atributos ecológicos: cobertura coralina (CC), tasa de calcificación y complejidad estructural. Se calculó el IFA en dos sitios dentro del PNIM, diferenciando transectos restaurados (R) y no restaurados (NR). Resultados. Los arrecifes mostraron un mayor incremento (%) en los transectos R para ambos sitios, tanto en la CC como en la FF, la CC aumentó entre 139-173% y la FF entre 31-34%. En contraste con los transectos NR donde el incremento fue de 9-31% en CC y de 8-25% en FF. Conclusión. Los datos de este estudio revelan que la restauración en el PNIM utilizando fragmentos de pocilopóridos está siendo efectiva en términos de funcionalidad física. Debido al alto aporte a la FF que tiene el género se está logrando recuperar la estructura arrecifal en mayor medida en transectos con restauración activa comparados con los transectos en los que no hay intervención.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background. Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse marine ecosystems, in addition to providing highly valuable geo-ecological functions. However, they are affected by various environmental stressors, as well as those of anthropogenic origin. In response to the above, active restoration measures have been implemented, as in the case of the coral community of the Islas Marietas National Park (PNIM). Goals. This work aims to evaluate the effect of coral restoration on physical functionality (FF) by using the reef functional index (IFA), in PNIM reefs in the years 2014 and 2021. Methods. The IFA was used as a FF metric, since it is a more complete way of evaluating it. The IFA considers three ecological attributes: coral cover (CC), calcification rate, and structural complexity. The IFA was calculated at two sites within the PNIM, differentiating between restored (R) and unrestored (NR) transects. Results. The reefs showed a greater increase (%) in the R transects for both sites, both in the CC and in the FF, the CC increased between 139-173% and the FF between 31-34%. In contrast to the NR transects where the increase was 9-31% in CC and 8-25% in FF. Conclusion. The data from this study reveal that the restoration in the PNIM using fragments of pociloporids is being effective in terms of physical functionality. Due to the high contribution to the FF that the genus has, the reef structure is being recovered to a greater extent in transects with active restoration compared to transects in which there is no intervention.

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          Most cited references51

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          EFFECTS OF BIODIVERSITY ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: A CONSENSUS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE

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            Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene

            Tropical reef systems are transitioning to a new era in which the interval between recurrent bouts of coral bleaching is too short for a full recovery of mature assemblages. We analyzed bleaching records at 100 globally distributed reef locations from 1980 to 2016. The median return time between pairs of severe bleaching events has diminished steadily since 1980 and is now only 6 years. As global warming has progressed, tropical sea surface temperatures are warmer now during current La Niña conditions than they were during El Niño events three decades ago. Consequently, as we transition to the Anthropocene, coral bleaching is occurring more frequently in all El Niño-Southern Oscillation phases, increasing the likelihood of annual bleaching in the coming decades.
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              Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification.

              Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is expected to exceed 500 parts per million and global temperatures to rise by at least 2 degrees C by 2050 to 2100, values that significantly exceed those of at least the past 420,000 years during which most extant marine organisms evolved. Under conditions expected in the 21st century, global warming and ocean acidification will compromise carbonate accretion, with corals becoming increasingly rare on reef systems. The result will be less diverse reef communities and carbonate reef structures that fail to be maintained. Climate change also exacerbates local stresses from declining water quality and overexploitation of key species, driving reefs increasingly toward the tipping point for functional collapse. This review presents future scenarios for coral reefs that predict increasingly serious consequences for reef-associated fisheries, tourism, coastal protection, and people. As the International Year of the Reef 2008 begins, scaled-up management intervention and decisive action on global emissions are required if the loss of coral-dominated ecosystems is to be avoided.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                hbio
                Hidrobiológica
                Hidrobiológica
                Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico )
                0188-8897
                August 2023
                : 33
                : 2
                : 127-137
                Affiliations
                [3] Puerto Vallarta orgnameUniversidad de Guadalajara orgdiv1Centro Universitario de la Costa orgdiv2Laboratorio de Ecología Marina Mexico
                [5] La Cruz de Huanacaxtle Nayarit orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Bahía de Banderas orgdiv1Tecnológico Nacional de México Mexico
                [4] Puerto Morelos orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología orgdiv2Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Mexico
                [2] Ensenada B.C. orgnameCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California orgdiv1Departamento de Ecología Marina orgdiv2Laboratorio de Arrecifes y Biodiversidad México
                [1] Ensenada B.C. orgnameCentro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California orgdiv1Posgrado en Ecología Marina México
                Article
                S0188-88972023000200127 S0188-8897(23)03300200127
                10.24275/qdkw4636
                7e57d1c4-e86c-4da6-88be-42a5d2567017

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 October 2022
                : 29 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                Pacífico mexicano,calcificación,complejidad estructural,ecología funcional,funciones geo-ecológicas,calcification,structural complexity,functional ecology,geo-ecological functions,Mexican Pacific

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