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      Call for Papers: Green Renal Replacement Therapy: Caring for the Environment

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      Effect of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition on Outer Medullary Hypoxic Damage

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          Abstract

          Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation after free-radical-induced DNA damage depletes cellular energy stores and participates in ischemia-reflow injury. We studied the potential protective effect of the water-soluble PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in a rat model of acute renal failure (ARF) from combined administration of radiocontrast, indomethacin and N<sup>ω</sup>-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester. Kidney function at 24 h was better preserved in rats treated with 3-AB as compared to control animals. However, the extent of tubular hypoxic damage was not significantly mitigated. It is concluded that PARP inhibition may attenuate renal dysfunction in this model of ARF with medullary hypoxic tubular injury even while the extent of tubular necrosis is not significantly altered. Further studies of this dyssynchrony of structure and function may provide important insights into the sequence of events that promotes renal failure after medullary injury.

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          PARP-2, A novel mammalian DNA damage-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

          J C Amé, V Rolli, V Schreiber … (1999)
          Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is a post-translational modification of nuclear proteins in response to DNA damage that activates the base excision repair machinery. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase which we will now call PARP-1, has been the only known enzyme of this type for over 30 years. Here, we describe a cDNA encoding a 62-kDa protein that shares considerable homology with the catalytic domain of PARP-1 and also contains a basic DNA-binding domain. We propose to call this enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2). The PARP-2 gene maps to chromosome 14C1 and 14q11.2 in mouse and human, respectively. Purified recombinant mouse PARP-2 is a damaged DNA-binding protein in vitro and catalyzes the formation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymers in a DNA-dependent manner. PARP-2 displays automodification properties similar to PARP-1. The protein is localized in the nucleus in vivo and may account for the residual poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis observed in PARP-1-deficient cells, treated with alkylating agents or hydrogen peroxide.
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            Diabetic endothelial dysfunction: the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation.

            Francisco García Soriano, László Virág, Prakash Jagtap … (2001)
            Diabetic patients frequently suffer from retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and accelerated atherosclerosis. The loss of endothelial function precedes these vascular alterations. Here we report that activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Destruction of islet cells with streptozotocin in mice induced hyperglycemia, intravascular oxidant production, DNA strand breakage, PARP activation and a selective loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Treatment with a novel potent PARP inhibitor, starting after the time of islet destruction, maintained normal vascular responsiveness, despite the persistence of severe hyperglycemia. Endothelial cells incubated in high glucose exhibited production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, consequent single-strand DNA breakage, PARP activation and associated metabolic and functional impairment. Basal and high-glucose-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation were suppressed in the PARP-deficient cells. Our results indicate that PARP may be a novel drug target for the therapy of diabetic endothelial dysfunction.
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              Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Cleavage in Apoptosis

              Sudha Iyer, Mark E Smulson, Geping Wang … (1999)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEP
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nephron Physiol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1660-2137
                Title: Nephron Physiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-2137
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2003
                Publication date (Print): September 2003
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 September 2003
                Volume: 95
                Issue: 1
                Pages: p1-p9
                Affiliations
                aRenal Unit, Bikur Holim Hospital, and bDepartment of Medicine, Hadassah Hospital, Mt Scopus and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel, and cDepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass., USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 73023 Other ID: Nephron Physiol 2003;95:p1–p9
                DOI: 10.1159/000073023
                PubMed ID: 14520006
                SO-VID: 7e65e587-ef99-44b8-aa20-01124ccd037b
                Copyright © © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 26 November 2002
                Date accepted : 09 July 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, References: 44, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Prostaglandins,Nitric oxide,3-Aminobenzamide,Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase,Kidney failure, acute,Rat,Medulla,Medullary thick ascending limb,Radiologic contrast media
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Prostaglandins, Nitric oxide, 3-Aminobenzamide, Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Kidney failure, acute, Rat, Medulla, Medullary thick ascending limb, Radiologic contrast media

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