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      Building a transnational biodiversity geo-database of the protected areas in the Adriatic-Ionian Macro-Region: approaches and results from the IMPRECO Project

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          Abstract

          Background

          The main objective of the project Common strategies and best practices to IMprove the transnational PRotection of ECOsystem integrity and services - IMPRECO is to enhance the safeguarding of ecosystems and ecosystem services. Additionally, the aim of this project is to tackle their environmental vulnerability by strengthening the potential of the Protected Areas in biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services conservation. This is expected to be addressed by maintaining it through their transnational networking located in the European Adriatic-Ionian Macro-Region.

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          The aim of this research is: 1) to characterise the habitats and ecosystems involved in the coastal-marine protected areas considered; 2) to set a biodiversity baseline; 3) to understand what current ecosystems’ conditions are; 4) to build up a transnational biomonitoring programme of target species and habitats and 5) to assess their response to pilot actions. To do so, a transnational inventory of species, habitats, ecosystems and ecosystem services was established, starting with the seven coastal-marine protected areas involved in the project. Data collection was carried out using different sources of information: scientific literature, officially available data from NATURA 2000 Standard Data Forms, checklists from local biomonitoring programmes, personal observations and citizen science, historical maps and data from new in-field analyses. Data were filled in the transnational biodiversity geo-databases according to the NATURA 2000 standards about habitat features, species protection level and species features. The presence of alien species (non-indigenous species, NIS) was also acknowledged and references about data collection were provided in the databases according to the Darwin Core standards.

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          Most cited references30

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          The future of biotic indices in the ecogenomic era: Integrating (e)DNA metabarcoding in biological assessment of aquatic ecosystems.

          The bioassessment of aquatic ecosystems is currently based on various biotic indices that use the occurrence and/or abundance of selected taxonomic groups to define ecological status. These conventional indices have some limitations, often related to difficulties in morphological identification of bioindicator taxa. Recent development of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding could potentially alleviate some of these limitations, by using DNA sequences instead of morphology to identify organisms and to characterize a given ecosystem. In this paper, we review the structure of conventional biotic indices, and we present the results of pilot metabarcoding studies using environmental DNA to infer biotic indices. We discuss the main advantages and pitfalls of metabarcoding approaches to assess parameters such as richness, abundance, taxonomic composition and species ecological values, to be used for calculation of biotic indices. We present some future developments to fully exploit the potential of metabarcoding data and improve the accuracy and precision of their analysis. We also propose some recommendations for the future integration of DNA metabarcoding to routine biomonitoring programs.
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            Three hundred ways to assess Europe's surface waters: An almost complete overview of biological methods to implement the Water Framework Directive

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              Good Environmental Status of marine ecosystems: what is it and how do we know when we have attained it?

              The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States (MS) to achieve Good Environmental Status (GEnS) of their seas by 2020. We address the question of what GEnS entails especially with regard to the level at which targets are set (descriptors, criteria, indicators), to scales for assessments (regional, sub-divisions, site-specific), and to difficulties in putting into practice the GEnS concept. We propose a refined and operational definition of GEnS, indicating the data and information needed to all parts of that definition. We indicate the options for determining when GEnS has been met, acknowledge the data and information needs for each option, and recommend a combination of existing quantitative targets and expert judgement. We think that the MSFD implementation needs to be less complex than shown for other similar directives, can be based largely on existing data and can be centred on the activities of the Regional Seas Conventions. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biodivers Data J
                Biodivers Data J
                1
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02
                Biodiversity Data Journal
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2836
                1314-2828
                2021
                27 May 2021
                : 9
                : e67169
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, S.P. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce Italy
                [2 ] Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture of Aquatina di Frigole, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy Research Centre for Fisheries and Aquaculture of Aquatina di Frigole, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce Italy
                [3 ] Nature Reserve of Isonzo Rivermouth, For-Nature S.r.l, Via T. Ciconi 26, 33100, Udine, Italy Nature Reserve of Isonzo Rivermouth, For-Nature S.r.l, Via T. Ciconi 26, 33100 Udine Italy
                [4 ] Friuli Innovazione Research and Technology Transfer Centre, Via Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy Friuli Innovazione Research and Technology Transfer Centre, Via Linussio 51, 33100 Udine Italy
                [5 ] Veneto Agricoltura, Veneto Region's Agency for the innovation in the primary sector, Viale dell’Università 14, 35020, Legnaro, Italy Veneto Agricoltura, Veneto Region's Agency for the innovation in the primary sector, Viale dell’Università 14, 35020 Legnaro Italy
                [6 ] DOPPS-BirdLife Slovenia, Tržaška cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia DOPPS-BirdLife Slovenia, Tržaška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
                [7 ] Public Institution for the Management of Protected Areas in the County of Split and Dalmatia “Sea and Karst”, Prilaz braće Kaliterna 10, 21000, Split, Croatia Public Institution for the Management of Protected Areas in the County of Split and Dalmatia “Sea and Karst”, Prilaz braće Kaliterna 10, 21000 Split Croatia
                [8 ] Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory for benthos, Split, Croatia Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Laboratory for benthos Split Croatia
                [9 ] Albanian Development Fund, Sami Frasheri 10, 1000, Tirana, Albania Albanian Development Fund, Sami Frasheri 10, 1000 Tirana Albania
                [10 ] Region of Crete, Directorate of Environment and Spatial Planning, Eleftherias Street, 71201, Heraklion, Greece Region of Crete, Directorate of Environment and Spatial Planning, Eleftherias Street, 71201 Heraklion Greece
                [11 ] Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Via S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Via S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina Italy
                Author notes
                Corresponding authors: Valeria Specchia ( valeria.specchia@ 123456unisalento.it ), Maurizio Pinna ( maurizio.pinna@ 123456unisalento.it ).

                Academic editor: Quentin Groom

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-5104
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-9636
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0803-143X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-4098
                Article
                67169 15884
                10.3897/BDJ.9.e67169
                8175329
                7e7b79eb-467a-4078-a161-2e18051bb0fe
                Francesco Zangaro, Gabriele Marini, Valeria Specchia, Matteo De Luca, Francesca Visintin, Giovanna Bullo, Jacopo Richard, Nataša Šalaja, Bia Rakar, Bojana Lipej, Jelena Kurtović Mrčelić, Gvido Piasevoli, Ante Žuljević, Nada Zaimi, Djana Bejko, Abdulla Diku, Aliki Karousou, Eleni Hatziyanni, Massimiliano Pinat, Maurizio Pinna

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 09 April 2021
                : 17 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, References: 29
                Categories
                Data Paper (Biosciences)
                Plantae
                Animalia
                Biogeography
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Croatia
                Greece
                Albania
                Italy
                Slovenia

                coastal-marine protected areas,european adriatic-ionian macro-region,eusair,natura 2000,non-indigenous species,protected species and habitats,traditional and innovative biomonitoring tools,transnational biodiversity geo-database.

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