Rethinking the global carbon cycle with a large, dynamic and microbially mediated gas hydrate capacitor

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Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present.

J Zachos, M. Pagani, L. Sloan … (2001)

Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution includes gradual trends of warming and cooling driven by tectonic processes on time scales of 10(5) to 10(7) years, rhythmic or periodic cycles driven by orbital processes with 10(4)- to 10(6)-year cyclicity, and rare rapid aberrant shifts and extreme climate transients with durations of 10(3) to 10(5) years. Here, recent progress in defining the evolution of global climate over the Cenozoic Era is reviewed. We focus primarily on the periodic and anomalous components of variability over the early portion of this era, as constrained by the latest generation of deep-sea isotope records. We also consider how this improved perspective has led to the recognition of previously unforeseen mechanisms for altering climate.

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Interpreting carbon-isotope excursions: carbonates and organic matter

Michael Arthur, Lee Kump (1999)

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Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event

Hesselbo, Grocke, Jenkyns … (2000)

In the Jurassic period, the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (about 183 million years ago) is associated with exceptionally high rates of organic-carbon burial, high palaeotemperatures and significant mass extinction. Heavy carbon-isotope compositions in rocks and fossils of this age have been linked to the global burial of organic carbon, which is isotopically light. In contrast, examples of light carbon-isotope values from marine organic matter of Early Toarcian age have been explained principally in terms of localized upwelling of bottom water enriched in 12C versus 13C (refs 1,2,5,6). Here, however, we report carbon-isotope analyses of fossil wood which demonstrate that isotopically light carbon dominated all the upper oceanic, biospheric and atmospheric carbon reservoirs, and that this occurred despite the enhanced burial of organic carbon. We propose that--as has been suggested for the Late Palaeocene thermal maximum, some 55 million years ago--the observed patterns were produced by voluminous and extremely rapid release of methane from gas hydrate contained in marine continental-margin sediments.

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Journal

Title: Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Abbreviated Title: Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Publisher: Elsevier BV

ISSN (Print): 0012821X

Publication date Created: August 2003

Publication date (Print): August 2003

Volume: 213

Issue: 3-4

Pages: 169-183

Article

DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00325-X

SO-VID: 7e8bdbb9-d9d9-4397-b416-4a2482ca2696

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http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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