23
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Integrated data analysis reveals potential drivers and pathways disrupted by DNA methylation in papillary thyroid carcinomas

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a common endocrine neoplasm with a recent increase in incidence in many countries. Although PTC has been explored by gene expression and DNA methylation studies, the regulatory mechanisms of the methylation on the gene expression was poorly clarified. In this study, DNA methylation profile (Illumina HumanMethylation 450K) of 41 PTC paired with non-neoplastic adjacent tissues (NT) was carried out to identify and contribute to the elucidation of the role of novel genic and intergenic regions beyond those described in the promoter and CpG islands (CGI). An integrative and cross-validation analysis were performed aiming to identify molecular drivers and pathways that are PTC-related.

          Results

          The comparisons between PTC and NT revealed 4995 methylated probes (88% hypomethylated in PTC) and 1446 differentially expressed transcripts cross-validated by the The Cancer Genome Atlas data. The majority of these probes was found in non-promoters regions, distant from CGI and enriched by enhancers. The integrative analysis between gene expression and DNA methylation revealed 185 and 38 genes (mainly in the promoter and body regions, respectively) with negative and positive correlation, respectively. Genes showing negative correlation underlined FGF and retinoic acid signaling as critical canonical pathways disrupted by DNA methylation in PTC. BRAF mutation was detected in 68% (28 of 41) of the tumors, which presented a higher level of demethylation (95% hypomethylated probes) compared with BRAF wild-type tumors. A similar integrative analysis uncovered 40 of 254 differentially expressed genes, which are potentially regulated by DNA methylation in BRAFV600E-positive tumors. The methylation and expression pattern of six selected genes ( ERBB3, FGF1, FGFR2, GABRB2, HMGA2, and RDH5) were confirmed as altered by pyrosequencing and RT-qPCR.

          Conclusions

          DNA methylation loss in non-promoter, poor CGI and enhancer-enriched regions was a significant event in PTC, especially in tumors harboring BRAFV600E. In addition to the promoter region, gene body and 3’UTR methylation have also the potential to influence the gene expression levels (both, repressing and inducing). The integrative analysis revealed genes potentially regulated by DNA methylation pointing out potential drivers and biomarkers related to PTC development.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-017-0346-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Related collections

          Most cited references44

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer.

          M Xing (2005)
          Genetic alteration is the driving force for thyroid tumorigenesis and progression, based upon which novel approaches to the management of thyroid cancer can be developed. A recent important genetic finding in thyroid cancer is the oncogenic T1799A transversion mutation of BRAF (the gene for the B-type Raf kinase, BRAF). Since the initial report of this mutation in thyroid cancer 2 years ago, rapid advancements have been made. BRAF mutation is the most common genetic alteration in thyroid cancer, occurring in about 45% of sporadic papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs), particularly in the relatively aggressive subtypes, such as the tall-cell PTC. This mutation is mutually exclusive with other common genetic alterations, supporting its independent oncogenic role, as demonstrated by transgenic mouse studies that showed BRAF mutation-initiated development of PTC and its transition to anaplastic thyroid cancer. BRAF mutation is mutually exclusive with RET/PTC rearrangement, and also displays a reciprocal age association with this common genetic alteration in thyroid cancer. The T1799A BRAF mutation occurs exclusively in PTC and PTC-derived anaplastic thyroid cancer and is a specific diagnostic marker for this cancer when identified in cytological and histological specimens. This mutation is associated with a poorer clinicopathological outcome and is a novel independent molecular prognostic marker in the risk evaluation of thyroid cancer. Moreover, preclinical and clinical evaluations of the therapeutic value of novel specific mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors in thyroid cancer are anticipated. This newly discovered BRAF mutation may prove to have an important impact on thyroid cancer in the clinic.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Validation of a DNA methylation microarray for 450,000 CpG sites in the human genome.

            DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mark and CpG methylation is central to many biological processes and human diseases. Since cancer has highlighted the contribution to disease of aberrant DNA methylation patterns, such as the presence of promoter CpG island hypermethylation-associated silencing of tumor suppressor genes and global DNA hypomethylation defects, their importance will surely become apparent in other pathologies. However, advances in obtaining comprehensive DNA methylomes are hampered by the high cost and time-consuming aspects of the single nucleotide methods currently available for whole genome DNA methylation analyses. Following the success of the standard CpG methylation microarrays for 1,505 CpG sites and 27,000 CpG sites, we have validated in vivo the newly developed 450,000 (450K) cytosine microarray (Illumina). The 450K microarray includes CpG and CNG sites, CpG islands/shores/shelves/open sea, non-coding RNA (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) and sites surrounding the transcription start sites (-200 bp to -1,500 bp, 5'-UTRs and exons 1) for coding genes, but also for the corresponding gene bodies and 3'-UTRs, in addition to intergenic regions derived from GWAS studies. Herein, we demonstrate that the 450K DNA methylation array can consistently and significantly detect CpG methylation changes in the HCT-116 colorectal cancer cell line in comparison with normal colon mucosa or HCT-116 cells with defective DNA methyltransferases (DKO). The provided validation highlights the potential use of the 450K DNA methylation microarray as a useful tool for ongoing and newly designed epigenome projects.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia.

              Thyroid cancer is one of the few malignancies that are increasing in incidence. Recent advances have improved our understanding of its pathogenesis; these include the identification of genetic alterations that activate a common effector pathway involving the RET-Ras-BRAF signalling cascade, and other unique chromosomal rearrangements. Some of these have been associated with radiation exposure as a pathogenetic mechanism. Defects in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of adhesion molecules and cell-cycle control elements seem to affect tumour progression. This information can provide powerful ancillary diagnostic tools and can also be used to identify new therapeutic targets.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                cbeltrami@cipe.accamargo.org.br
                mariana.reis@cipe.accamargo.org.br
                mfilho@cipe.accamargo.org.br
                fabio.marchi@cipe.accamargo.org.br
                hellenkuasne@hotmail.com
                coipinto@uol.com.br
                ambatipudisrikant@gmail.com
                HercegZ@iarc.fr
                lp_kowalski@uol.com.br
                +45-7940 6669 , silvia.regina.rogatto@rsyd.dk , rogatto@fmb.unesp.br
                Journal
                Clin Epigenetics
                Clin Epigenetics
                Clinical Epigenetics
                BioMed Central (London )
                1868-7075
                1868-7083
                2 May 2017
                2 May 2017
                2017
                : 9
                : 45
                Affiliations
                [1 ]International Research Center-CIPE–A.C. Camargo Cancer Center and National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics (INCiTO), São Paulo, Brazil
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2188 478X, GRID grid.410543.7, Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, , UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, ; Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0437 1183, GRID grid.413320.7, Department of Pathology, , A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, ; São Paulo, SP Brazil
                [4 ]ISNI 0000000405980095, GRID grid.17703.32, , Epigenetics Group; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), ; Lyon, France
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0437 1183, GRID grid.413320.7, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, , A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, ; São Paulo, SP Brazil
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0728 0170, GRID grid.10825.3e, Department of Clinical Genetics, , Vejle Hospital and Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, ; Kabbeltoft 25, Vejle, 7100 Denmark
                Article
                346
                10.1186/s13148-017-0346-2
                5414166
                28469731
                7edd297a-23cc-4f9c-99b0-0600dc3a00cb
                © The Author(s). 2017

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 23 February 2017
                : 14 April 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001807, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo;
                Award ID: 2008/57887
                Award ID: 2015/20748-5
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico;
                Award ID: 573589/08–9
                Award ID: 371497/2013-2
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Genetics
                papillary thyroid cancer,dna methylation,integrative analysis,fgf signaling pathway,retinoic acid pathway,brafv600e mutation

                Comments

                Comment on this article