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      Operações motivadoras e atenção social: Eventos relevantes para comportamentos-problema de esquizofrênicos Translated title: Operaciones de motivación y atención social: Acontecimientos de importancia para los problemas de conducta de los esquizofrénicos Translated title: Motivating operations and social attention: Events relevant to problem behaviors of schizophrenics

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          Abstract

          O presente artigo discute o conceito de operação motivadora (OM), conforme é tratado pelos analistas do comportamento, e suas implicações para a avaliação e a intervenção sobre comportamentos-problema. A atenção social é analisada como um evento ambiental cujo valor reforçador pode ser alterado por operações motivadoras que, por sua vez, evocariam comportamentos-problema. Decorre desta análise a importância de que as OMs sejam adotadas como componente adicional para a avaliação funcional do comportamento de indivíduos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Nesse sentido, realizou-se um levantamento de trabalhos que utilizaram o delineamento de análise funcional envolvendo múltiplas condições experimentais, nas quais a atenção social, por efeito de uma OM, pode ter adquirido valor reforçador, favorecendo a ocorrência de comportamentos-problema. Poder-se-ia afirmar que, quando a atenção social é escassa, instala-se uma condição de privação da atenção (operação motivadora) que altera a efetividade da atenção social, tornando-a um potente reforçador. Essa operação também atua no processo de produção de comportamento, uma vez que comportamentos- problema são comumente consequenciados com formas diversas de atenção social, como sorrisos, acenos, um simples olhar e verbalizações.

          Translated abstract

          El presente estudio discute el concepto de operación de motivación (OM) como es tratado por los analistas del comportamiento y sus implicaciones para la evaluación e intervención en problemas de conducta. La atención social es analisada como un evento ambiental cuyo valor reforzador puede ser cambiado por operación de motivación que, a su vez, evoca problemas de conducta. Se desprende de este análisis la importancia de la OM se tomar como un componente adicional para la evaluación funcional de la conducta de los individuos diagnosticados con esquizofrenia. En consecuencia, se realizó una búsqueda de los estudios que utilizan el diseño de análisis funcional que implica múltiples condiciones experimentales que la atención social, el efecto de la OM, puede haber adquirido el valor de refuerzo, lo que favorece la aparición de conductas problemáticas. Se puede afirmar que cuando la atención social es escasa, instala una situación de privación de la atención (operación de motivación), que modifica la eficacia de la atención social, por lo que es un reforzador potente. Esta operación también se actúa en el proceso de producción de la conducta, una vez que los problemas de conducta son comúnmente consecuenciados con diferentes formas de atención social como sonrisas, gestos con la cabeza, una mirada simple, verbalizaciones.

          Translated abstract

          This article discusses the concept of motivating operation (MO) as is treated by behavior analysts and their implications for assessment and intervention on problem behaviors. The social attention is analyzed as an environmental event whose value reinforcer can be changed by operations motivating that, in its turn, would evoke problem behaviors. Raises from this analysis the importance of MOs have been taken as an additional component for the functional evaluation of behaviors of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Accordingly, a survey of studies was made that used the design of functional analysis involving multiple experimental conditions in which social care, the effect of MO, may have acquired reinforcing value, favoring the occurrence of problem behaviors. It may be affirmed that when social attention is scarce, installs a condition of deprivation of attention (motivating operation) amending the effectiveness of social attention, making it a powerful reinforcer. This operation also serves on the process of behavior production, once consequences of problem behaviors are commonly with different forms of social attention as smiles, nods, a simple look, verbalizations.

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          Most cited references35

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          Establishing operations.

          S Michael (1993)
          The first two books on behavior analysis (Skinner, 1938; Keller & Schoenfeld, 1950) had chapter-length coverage of motivation. The next generation of texts also had chapters on the topic, but by the late 1960s it was no longer being given much treatment in the behavior-analytic literature. The present failure to deal with the topic leaves a gap in our understanding of operant functional relations. A partial solution is to reintroduce the concept of the establishing operation, defined as an environmental event, operation, or stimulus condition that affects an organism by momentarily altering (a) the reinforcing effectiveness of other events and (b) the frequency of occurrence of that part of the organism's repertoire relevant to those events as consequences. Discriminative and motivative variables can be distinguished as follows: The former are related to the differential availability of an effective form of reinforcement given a particular type of behavior; the latter are related to the differential reinforcing effectiveness of environmental events. An important distinction can also be made between unconditioned establishing operations (UEOs), such as food deprivation and painful stimulation, and conditioned establishing operations (CEOs) that depend on the learning history of the organism. One type of CEO is a stimulus that has simply been paired with a UEO and as a result may take on some of the motivative properties of that UEO. The warning stimulus in avoidance procedures is another important type of CEO referred to as reflexive because it establishes its own termination as a form of reinforcement and evokes the behavior that has accomplished such termination. Another CEO is closely related to the concept of conditional conditioned reinforcement and is referred to as a transitive CEO, because it establishes some other stimulus as a form of effective reinforcement and evokes the behavior that has produced that other stimulus. The multiple control of human behavior is very common, and is often quite complex. An understanding of unlearned and learned establishing operations can contribute to our ability to identify and control the various components of such multiple determination.
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            Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli

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              Clinical Application of Functional Analysis Methodology

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pac
                Perspectivas em análise do comportamento
                Perspectivas
                Núcleo Paradigma de Análise do Comportamento (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2177-3548
                2011
                : 2
                : 2
                : 192-202
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnamePontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás
                Article
                S2177-35482011000200005 S2177-3548(11)00200200005
                7efa29fc-c87a-4d40-ac6f-b5bcfcd76140

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 March 2012
                : 05 November 2011
                : 11 June 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Artigos

                atenção social,análisis funcional,problemas de conducta,antecedente y consecuente eventos,operaciones de motivación,atención social,functional analysis,problem behaviors,antecedent and consequent events,motivating operation,social attention,análise funcional,comportamentos-problema,eventos antecedentes e consequentes,operação motivacional

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