Adefovir dipivoxil alone or in combination with lamivudine in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B 1 1The Adefovir Dipivoxil International 461 Study Group includes the following: N. Afdhal (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA); P. Angus (Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia); Y. Benhamou (Hopital La Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France); M. Bourliere (Hopital Saint Joseph, Marseille, France); P. Buggisch (Universitaetsklinikum Eppendorf, Department of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany); P. Couzigou (Hopital Haut Leveque, Pessac, France); P. Ducrotte and G. Riachi (Hopital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France); E. Jenny Heathcote (Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada); H. W. Hann (Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA); I. Jacobson (New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY); K. Kowdley (University of Washington Hepatology Center, Seattle, WA); P. Marcellin (Hopital Beaujon, Clichy, France); P. Martin (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA); J. M. Metreau (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri Mondor, Creteil, France); M. G. Peters (University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA); R. Rubin (Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta, GA); S. Sacks (Viridae Clinical Sciences, Inc., Vancouver, Canada); H. Thomas (St. Mary’s Hospital, London, England); C. Trepo (Hopital Hôtel Dieu, Lyon, France); D. Vetter (Hopital Civil, Strasbourg, France); C. L. Brosgart, R. Ebrahimi, J. Fry, C. Gibbs, K. Kleber, J. Rooney, M. Sullivan, P. Vig, C. Westland, M. Wulfsohn, and S. Xiong (Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA); D. F. Gray (GlaxoSmithKline, Greenford, Middlesex, England); R. Schilling and V. Ferry (Parexel International, Waltham, MA); and D. Hunt (Covance Laboratories, Princeton, NJ).