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      Morbidité et mortalité des nouveau-nés hospitalisés sur 10 années à la Clinique El Fateh-Suka (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) Translated title: Ten years morbidity and mortality of newborns hospitalized at the Clinic El-Fateh Suka (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso)

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          La mortalité néonatale demeure un problème majeur de santé publique dans les pays en développement. Notre étude avait pour but de déterminer la morbidité et la mortalité des nouveau-nés à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

          Méthodes

          Une étude rétrospective sur 10 années a permis d'inclure tous les nouveau-nés admis dans l'Unité de Néonatologie de la Clinique El Fateh-Suka.

          Résultats

          Au total, 697 nouveau-nés étaient hospitalisés sur la période d'étude. Les principaux diagnostics étaient les infections néonatales (23.5%), les anomalies liées à la durée de la gestation et à la croissance du fætus (17.9%) et le paludisme congénital (15.1%). Les 91 (13.1%) décès étaient dus aux anomalies liées à la durée de la grossesse et à la croissance du fætus (46.1%), à l'hypoxie intra-utérine et à l'asphyxie obstétricale (20,9%) et aux infections néonatales (17.6%). Ces décès survenaient dans 81.3% dans les 72 heures, dans 93.4% des cas dans la première semaine d'hospitalisation. Le facteur de risque associé à ces décès était la voie basse d'accouchement (p = 0.02).

          Conclusion

          Cette étude a identifié des pathologies évitables déjà décrites comme les principales causes d'hospitalisations et de décès néonatals. La voie basse d'accouchement était le facteur de risque associé à ces décès, ce qui n'avait pas encore été rapporté. Les efforts pour améliorer la qualité des services de soins périnatals doivent être intensifiés afin de réduire la mortalité néonatale dans les pays en développement.

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          Causes of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths: data from 7993 pregnancies in six developing countries.

          To report stillbirth and early neonatal mortality and to quantify the relative importance of different primary obstetric causes of perinatal mortality in 171 perinatal deaths from 7993 pregnancies that ended after 28 weeks in nulliparous women. A review of all stillbirths and early newborn deaths reported in the WHO calcium supplementation trial for the prevention of pre-eclampsia conducted at seven WHO collaborating centres in Argentina, Egypt, India, Peru, South Africa and Viet Nam. We used the Baird-Pattinson system to assign primary obstetric causes of death and classified causes of early neonatal death using the International classification of diseases and related health problems, Tenth revision (ICD-10). Stillbirth rate was 12.5 per 1000 births and early neonatal mortality rate was 9.0 per 1000 live births. Spontaneous preterm delivery and hypertensive disorders were the most common obstetric events leading to perinatal deaths (28.7% and 23.6%, respectively). Prematurity was the main cause of early neonatal deaths (62%). Advancements in the care of premature infants and prevention of spontaneous preterm labour and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy could lead to a substantial decrease in perinatal mortality in hospital settings in developing countries.
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            Malaria infection of the placenta in The Gambia, West Africa; its incidence and relationship to stillbirth, birthweight and placental weight.

            The incidence of placental malaria at parturition and its effects on the conceptus have been investigated in The Gambia, West Africa. Malarious placentae occurred in 1300 (20.2%) of 6427 singleton births, in 32 (18.6%) of 172 sets of twins and in none of six sets of triplets. Plasmodium falciparum infections predominated; P. malariae or P. ovale infections were found in only nine instances. In the large group of single births placental malaria occurred less frequently (12.0%) in residents of urban than of other, more rural, communities (27.1%). In the former group incidence showed no clear change with season; in the latter group it was highest in the trimester following the end of the rains and lowest in the second half of the dry season. In both residential groups it was more frequent in primiparae (urban 16.1%; other 46.9%) than in multiparae (urban 8.9%; other 20.3%). The sex of the child did not influence malaria incidence. Dense placental infections were more frequent in primiparae. Stillbirth rates of singleton infants were significantly higher for males than for females, but no clear and consistent relationship between stillbirth and placental malaria was detected. Mean singleton birthweights were depressed by about 170 g in the presence of malaria; the deficits were statistically significant only among first born infants and tended to diminish progressively with increasing maternal parity. No distinct gradient linking birthweight with ascending density of placental parasitaemia was observed. Singleton birthweights of 2.5 kg or less occurred more frequently in association with malarious than non-malarious placentae and the association was more marked among first born than later birth rank infants. Differences between the weights of malarious and non-malarious placentae were small and not significant. The findings of the study are discussed in relation to the widely prevalent view that pregnancy exacerbates maternal malaria by attenuating acquired immunity.
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              International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 1989 Revision

              (1992)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                20 April 2013
                2013
                : 14
                : 153
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service de pédiatrie, Clinique El Fateh-Suka, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [2 ]UFR/SDS Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [3 ]Service de pédiatrie CHU Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Kisito Nagalo, Clinique El Fateh-Suka, 1259 Avenue du golfe de Syrte. 04 BP 8297 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso
                Article
                PAMJ-14-153
                10.11604/pamj.2013.14.153.2022
                3683511
                23785558
                7f215eef-a7e3-4544-93e8-74043eca858e
                © Kisito Nagalo et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 06 September 2012
                : 31 March 2013
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                nouveau-né,soins périnatals,soins prénatals,mortalité néonatale,newborn,perinatal,prenatal care,neonatal mortality

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