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      Unfinished business after five decades of ozone-layer science and policy

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The Montreal Protocol has begun to heal the Antarctic ozone hole and avoided more global warming than any other treaty. Still, recent research shows that new unexpected emissions of several chlorofluorocarbons, carbon tetrachloride, and hydrofluorocarbons, are undermining the Protocol’s success. It is time for policymakers to plug the holes in the ozone hole treaty.

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          The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate.

          G. J. M. Velders, S O Andersen, J. S. Daniel … (2007)
          The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). ODSs are also greenhouse gases that contribute to the radiative forcing of climate change. Using historical ODSs emissions and scenarios of potential emissions, we show that the ODS contribution to radiative forcing most likely would have been much larger if the ODS link to stratospheric ozone depletion had not been recognized in 1974 and followed by a series of regulations. The climate protection already achieved by the Montreal Protocol alone is far larger than the reduction target of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. Additional climate benefits that are significant compared with the Kyoto Protocol reduction target could be achieved by actions under the Montreal Protocol, by managing the emissions of substitute fluorocarbon gases and/or implementing alternative gases with lower global warming potentials.
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            An unexpected and persistent increase in global emissions of ozone-depleting CFC-11

            Brad Hall, Eric A Ray, J. Nance … (2018)
            Article 0 comments Cited 93 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Acceleration of global N2O emissions seen from two decades of atmospheric inversion

              R. L. Thompson, L Lassaletta, P. Patra … (2019)
              Article 0 comments Cited 81 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Susan Solomon:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-7581
                solos@MIT.EDU
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun
                Title: Nature Communications
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 August 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 26 August 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 4272
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.116068.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2341 2786, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.12082.39, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 7590, Sussex Sustainability Research Programme, School of Global Studies, , University of Sussex, ; Falmer, BN1 9SL UK
                [3 ]GRID grid.47894.36, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 8083, Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, , Colorado State University, ; Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-7581
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-8437
                Article
                Publisher ID: 18052
                DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18052-0
                PMC ID: 7450078
                PubMed ID: 32848157
                SO-VID: 7f2753ca-38e8-464c-980b-abb3362d548a
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 16 June 2020
                Date accepted : 31 July 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100006919, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT);
                Funded by: VoLo Foundation
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/100007235, Colorado State University (CSU);
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000838, University of Sussex;
                Categories
                Subject: Comment
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: atmospheric science,environmental impact
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: atmospheric science, environmental impact

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