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      Experiential Avoidance and Technological Addictions in Adolescents

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          This study focuses on the use of popular information and communication technologies (ICTs) by adolescents: the Internet, mobile phones, and video games. The relationship of ICT use and experiential avoidance (EA), a construct that has emerged as underlying and transdiagnostic to a wide variety of psychological problems, including behavioral addictions, is examined. EA refers to a self-regulatory strategy involving efforts to control or escape from negative stimuli such as thoughts, feelings, or sensations that generate strong distress. This strategy, which may be adaptive in the short term, is problematic if it becomes an inflexible pattern. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore whether EA patterns were associated with addictive or problematic use of ICT in adolescents.

          Methods

          A total of 317 students of the Spanish southeast between 12 and 18 years old were recruited to complete a questionnaire that included questions about general use of each ICTs, an experiential avoidance questionnaire, a brief inventory of the Big Five personality traits, and specific questionnaires on problematic use of the Internet, mobile phones, and video games.

          Results

          Correlation analysis and linear regression showed that EA largely explained results regarding the addictive use of the Internet, mobile phones, and video games, but not in the same way. As regards gender, boys showed a more problematic use of video games than girls. Concerning personality factors, conscientiousness was related to all addictive behaviors.

          Discussion and conclusions

          We conclude that EA is an important construct that should be considered in future models that attempt to explain addictive behaviors.

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          Most cited references86

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          Chi-Square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables

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            Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment.

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              Indicators of socioeconomic status for adolescents: the WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Survey.

              Many indicators of socioeconomic status used for adults are inappropriate for use in research on adolescents. In a school-based survey of 4079 Scottish schoolchildren using a self-completion questionnaire, over 20% of 11-15 year olds were unable to provide a substantive response on father's occupation. In contrast, indicators derived to construct a family affluence scale, which included car ownership, telephone ownership and the child having their own unshared bedroom, resulted in a 98% response rate; and 92% of children responded to a question on their weekly spending money. The intercorrelations between the conventional indicator of father's occupation and each family affluence and spending money were examined, and their associations with a range of health indicators and health behaviour measures compared. Father's occupational status and family affluence were moderately correlated and showed broadly similar patterns of association with the selected health measures although there were also some distinct differences. Child's spending money was only weakly correlated with father's occupation and showed rather different patterns of association with health measures. A case is made for the use of multiple indicators of socioeconomic status in adolescent health surveys, and it is argued that that the family affluence scale provides a useful and easily applied additional indicator to father's occupation or an alternative measure of socioeconomic background where occupational data are unavailable.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jba
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                J Behav Addict
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                01 July 2016
                June 2016
                : 5
                : 2
                : 293-303
                Affiliations
                Miguel Hernández University of Elche , Alicante, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: José A. Piqueras; Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain; Phone: +34 966658343; Fax: +34 965919475; E-mail: jpiqueras@ 123456umh.es
                Article
                10.1556/2006.5.2016.041
                5387780
                27363463
                7f2bb906-1944-4b8b-8750-9245a01b7fb9
                © 2016 The Author(s)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 04 January 2016
                : 23 March 2016
                : 06 May 2016
                : 17 May 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 64, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funding sources: No financial support was received for this study.
                Categories
                Full-Length Report

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                adolescents,experiential avoidance,technological addiction,behavioral addiction

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