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      Síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular: del diagnóstico al tratamiento Translated title: Capsular bursa distension síndrome: from diagnosis to treatment

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular es una rara complicación de la cirugía de catarata. El objetivo principal fue exponer los principales hallazgos oftalmológicos de esta enfermedad, y las diferentes alternativas de diagnóstico y tratamiento para afrontar esta infrecuente y tardía complicación de la cirugía de catarata. Consiste en la adhesión del borde de la capsulorrexis al lente intraocular, colocado en un saco capsular. Tal aposición dificulta que el líquido fluya a través de la apertura de la cápsula anterior y se acumule en el saco capsular. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 71 años con antecedentes de cirugía de catarata por facoemulsificación en el ojo derecho. Refirió que desde hace 11 meses ha notado disminución de la visión. En el examen oftalmológico del ojo derecho se constató agudeza visual sin corrección de 0,3 por cartilla de Snellen, la cual mejoró a 1,0 con una corrección de -1,00 dioptría D. La exploración con lámpara de hendidura descartó cualquier tipo de inflamación del segmento anterior. Su presión intraocular fue de 18 mmHg. Mostró una cámara anterior poco profunda, con un desplazamiento anterior del iris y un saco capsular distendido. La cápsula posterior estaba separada de la superficie posterior del LIO con contenido líquido transparente. Se diagnosticó síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular. Se sometió a una capsulotomía posterior con láser Nd: YAG. En la evaluación posterior, el paciente mostró agudezas visuales no corregidas de 1,0 por cartilla de Snellen en ambos ojos. El síndrome de distensión de la bolsa capsular es una complicación tardía e infrecuente de cirugía de catarata con múltiples factores de riesgo, pero de rápida solución.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Capsular bag distension syndrome is a rare complication of cataract surgery. The main objective was to expose the main ophthalmological findings of this disease and the different diagnostic and treatment alternatives to deal with this infrequent and late complication of cataract surgery. It consists of adhesion of the capsulorhexis rim to the intraocular lens, placed in a capsular bag. Such apposition makes it difficult for fluid to flow through the anterior capsule opening and accumulate in the capsular sac. We present a 71-year-old male patient with a history of cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in the right eye who 11 months ago reported decreased vision in the same eye. The ophthalmologic examination of the right eye showed an uncorrected visual acuity of 0.3 by Snellen chart, which improved to 1.0 with a correction of -1.00 D diopter. Slit lamp examination ruled out any type of anterior segment inflammation. His intraocular pressure was 18 mmHg. She showed a shallow anterior chamber, with an anterior displacement of the iris and a distended capsular sac. The posterior capsule was separated from the posterior surface of the IOL with clear fluid content. Capsular bag distension syndrome was diagnosed. He underwent posterior capsulotomy with Nd: YAG laser. On further evaluation, the patient had uncorrected visual acuities of 1.0 by Snellen chart in both eyes. Capsular bag distension syndrome is a late and infrequent complication of cataract surgery with multiple risk factors, but with rapid resolution.

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          Capsular block syndrome after cataract surgery: clinical analysis and classification.

          H. Kim, J Shin (2008)
          To study the incidence of and risk factors for postoperative capsular block syndrome (CBS) and propose a new classification based on etiology. Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea. Charts of 1100 eyes of 990 patients who had phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation between January 2003 and June 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, axial length (AL), type of PC IOL implanted, and intraoperative ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) were recorded. The cases of postoperative CBS were collected and the characteristic clinical findings evaluated. There were 8 cases (7 patients) of postoperative CBS (incidence 0.73%). Longer AL (>or=25.0 mm) was a risk factor for postoperative CBS (P= .008; odds ratio [OR], 5.75, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.353-24.413). The PC IOL with 4 haptics (Akreos Adapt, Bausch & Lomb) was also associated with an increased incidence of postoperative CBS (P= .001; OR, 7.388; 95% CI, 1.751-31.168). The CBS was classified as noncellular, inflammatory, or fibrotic according to the clinical characteristics. Although postoperative CBS was a rare complication after cataract surgery, AL and PC IOL design had a significant influence on the incidence. Evaluation of clinical characteristics showed 3 distinct types of CBS.
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            New classification of capsular block syndrome

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              Ultrasonographic measurement of induced myopia associated with capsular bag distention syndrome.

              To determine the causes of postoperative myopia associated with capsular bag distention syndrome (CBDS) and characterize the associated findings. Prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, comparative (self-controlled) trial. Six eyes from six patients had CBDS develop after phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Keratometric values, axial length, visual acuity, and manifest refraction were assessed in each eye. Using 20-MHz (I3SYSTEM-ABD, Innovative Imaging Inc, Sacramento, CA) and 50-MHz (Ultrasound Biomicroscope, Zeiss Humphrey Systems, Dublin, CA) ultrasonographic probes, images and measurements of the anterior segment were obtained. After neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy, these measures were repeated and correlated with predicted and actual refractive changes. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), manifest refraction, and anterior chamber depth before and after treatment of CBDS. Although intended postoperative refraction averaged -0.58 diopters (D) (range, -0.12 to -1.63 D), eyes with CBDS had an average spherical equivalent refraction of -2.35 D (range, +0.13 to -4.50 D), P < 0.05 (one-tailed, paired t test). BCVA averaged 20/24 (range, 20/15-20/40-1), but UCVA averaged 20/133 (range, 20/60 to 20/400). Average distance from the corneal surface to the anterior intraocular lens (IOL) optic surface was 3.55 mm in eyes with CBDS, and 4.30 mm after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Posterior movement of the IOL optic after capsulotomy accounted for 1.23 D of hyperopic shift or 82% of the CBDS-induced myopia. Treatment of CBDS resulted in both improved UCVA and BCVA. Nd:YAG capsulotomy also released the colloidal suspension within the capsular bag posterior to the IOL optic. The incidence of CBDS was 0.3% in one of the practices reviewed. Capsular bag distention syndrome includes unexpected myopia and poor UCVA after cataract surgery with lens implantation in cases involving a continuous capsulorhexis. A dramatic posterior distention of the posterior capsule is observed, as well as anterior chamber shallowing, tight apposition of the iris to the IOL, and anterior bowing of the iris. A slightly turbid colloidal suspension behind the IOL implant and late posterior capsular fibrosis are also observed. Timely treatment of CBDS can correct unwanted myopia, improve UCVA and BCVA, and restore normal anatomic relationships in the eye.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                oft
                Revista Cubana de Oftalmología
                Rev Cubana Oftalmol
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana, , Cuba )
                0864-2176
                1561-3070
                March 2023
                : 36
                : 1
                : e1669
                Affiliations
                [1] La Habana orgnameInstituto Cubano de Oftalmología “Ramón Pando Ferrer” Cuba
                Article
                S0864-21762023000100007 S0864-2176(23)03600100007
                7f4865ad-609c-445a-9dc6-3efe6c639a20

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 June 2022
                : 04 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                PRESENTACIÓN DE CASOS

                saco capsular,capsular distension,capsular bag,phacoemulsification,distensión capsular,facoemulsificación

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