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      Human diarrhea infections associated with domestic animal husbandry: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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          Abstract

          Domestic animal husbandry, a common practice globally, can lead to zoonotic transmission of enteric pathogens. However, this risk has received little attention to date. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the evidence for an association between domestic exposure to food-producing animals and cases of human diarrhea and specific enteric infections. We performed a systematic review of available literature to examine domestic livestock and poultry as risk factors for diarrhea and applied pre-determined quality criteria. Where possible, we carried out meta-analysis of specific animal-pathogen pairs. We found consistent evidence of a positive association between exposure to domestic food-producing animals and diarrheal illness across a range of animal exposures and enteric pathogens. Out of 29 studies included in the review, 20 (69.0%) reported a positive association between domestic animal exposure and diarrhea. Domestic exposure to poultry revealed a substantial association with human campylobacteriosis (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.90-3.93). Our results suggest that domestic poultry and livestock exposures are associated with diarrheal illness in humans. Failure to ascertain the microbial cause of disease may mask this effect. Exposure to domestic animals should be considered a risk factor for human diarrheal illness and additional studies may identify potential mitigation strategies to address this risk.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.
          Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
          1878-3503
          0035-9203
          Jun 2014
          : 108
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, CNR 2027, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
          [2 ] Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, CNR 2027, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA mcfreem@emory.edu.
          Article
          tru056
          10.1093/trstmh/tru056
          24812065
          7f5743c5-cd34-4a21-a6b0-054f0de4b9ae
          © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
          History

          Animal husbandry,Diarrhea,Domestic animals,Hygiene,Systematic review

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