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      Non-Rare-Earth Na 3AlF 6:Cr 3+ Phosphors for Far-Red Light-Emitting Diodes

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          Abstract

          Emerging phototherapy in a clinic and plant photomorphogenesis call for efficient red/far-red light resources to target and/or actuate the interaction of light and living organisms. Rare-earth-doped phosphors are generally promising candidates for efficient light-emitting diodes but still bear lower quantum yield for the far-red components, potential supply risks, and high-cost issues. Thus, the design and preparation of efficient non-rare-earth activated phosphors becomes extremely important and arouses great interest. Fabrication of Cr 3+-doped Na 3AlF 6 phosphors significantly promotes the potential applications by efficiently converting blue excitation light of a commercial InGaN chip to far-red broadband emission in the 640–850 nm region. The action response of phototherapy (∼667–683 nm; ∼750–772 nm) and that of photomorphogenesis (∼700–760 nm) are well overlapped. Based on the temperature-dependent steady luminescence and time-resolved spectroscopies, energy transfer models are rationally established by means of the configurational coordinate diagram of Cr 3+ ions. An optimal sample of Na 3AlF 6:60% Cr 3+ phosphor generates a notable QY of 75 ± 5%. Additionally, an InGaN LED device encapsulated by using Na 3AlF 6:60% Cr 3+ phosphor was fabricated. The current exploration will pave a promising way to engineer non-rare-earth activated optoelectronic devices for all kinds of photobiological applications.

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          Most cited references36

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          Phosphors in phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes: Recent advances in materials, techniques and properties

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            Narrow-band red-emitting Sr[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+ as a next-generation LED-phosphor material

            To facilitate the next generation of high-power white-light-emitting diodes (white LEDs), the discovery of more efficient red-emitting phosphor materials is essential. In this regard, the hardly explored compound class of nitridoaluminates affords a new material with superior luminescence properties. Doped with Eu(2+), Sr[LiAl3N4] emerged as a new high-performance narrow-band red-emitting phosphor material, which can efficiently be excited by GaN-based blue LEDs. Owing to the highly efficient red emission at λ(max) ~ 650 nm with a full-width at half-maximum of ~1,180 cm(-1) (~50 nm) that shows only very low thermal quenching (>95% relative to the quantum efficiency at 200 °C), a prototype phosphor-converted LED (pc-LED), employing Sr[LiAl3N4]:Eu(2+) as the red-emitting component, already shows an increase of 14% in luminous efficacy compared with a commercially available high colour rendering index (CRI) LED, together with an excellent colour rendition (R(a)8 = 91, R9 = 57). Therefore, we predict great potential for industrial applications in high-power white pc-LEDs.
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              Lanthanide ions as spectral converters for solar cells.

              The use of lanthanide ions to convert photons to different, more useful, wavelengths is well-known from a wide range of applications (e.g. fluorescent tubes, lasers, white light LEDs). Recently, a new potential application has emerged: the use of lanthanide ions for spectral conversion in solar cells. The main energy loss in the conversion of solar energy to electricity is related to the so-called spectral mismatch: low energy photons are not absorbed by a solar cell while high energy photons are not used efficiently. To reduce the spectral mismatch losses both upconversion and downconversion are viable options. In the case of upconversion two low energy infrared photons that cannot be absorbed by the solar cell, are added up to give one high energy photon that can be absorbed. In the case of downconversion one high energy photon is split into two lower energy photons that can both be absorbed by the solar cell. The rich and unique energy level structure arising from the 4f(n) inner shell configuration of the trivalent lanthanide ions gives a variety of options for efficient up- and downconversion. In this perspective an overview will be given of recent work on photon management for solar cells. Three topics can be distinguished: (1) modelling of the potential impact of spectral conversion on the efficiency of solar cells; (2) research on up- and downconversion materials based on lanthanides; and (3) proof-of-principle experiments. Finally, an outlook will be given, including issues that need to be resolved before wide scale application of up- and downconversion materials can be anticipated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Appl Electron Mater
                ACS Appl Electron Mater
                el
                aaembp
                ACS Applied Electronic Materials
                American Chemical Society
                2637-6113
                07 October 2019
                26 November 2019
                : 1
                : 11
                : 2325-2333
                Affiliations
                []Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
                []Lumenari, Inc., 1501 Bull Lea Road, Suite 105, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
                Author notes
                Article
                10.1021/acsaelm.9b00527
                6881904
                31788671
                7fcd1502-f469-426d-84c8-857047613605
                Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 18 August 2019
                : 06 October 2019
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                el9b00527
                el9b00527

                fluorescence,non-rare-earth,cr3+,far-red,leds
                fluorescence, non-rare-earth, cr3+, far-red, leds

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