19
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Environmental Exposures during Puberty: Window of Breast Cancer Risk and Epigenetic Damage

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          During puberty, a woman’s breasts are vulnerable to environmental damage (“window of vulnerability”). Early exposure to environmental carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, and unhealthy foods (refined sugar, processed fats, food additives) are hypothesized to promote molecular damage that increases breast cancer risk. However, prospective human studies are difficult to perform and effective interventions to prevent these early exposures are lacking. It is difficult to prevent environmental exposures during puberty. Specifically, young women are repeatedly exposed to media messaging that promotes unhealthy foods. Young women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods experience additional challenges including a lack of access to healthy food and exposure to contaminated air, water, and soil. The purpose of this review is to gather information on potential exposures during puberty. In future directions, this information will be used to help elementary/middle-school girls to identify and quantitate environmental exposures and develop cost-effective strategies to reduce exposures.

          Related collections

          Most cited references82

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Charting histone modifications and the functional organization of mammalian genomes.

          A succession of technological advances over the past decade have enabled researchers to chart maps of histone modifications and related chromatin structures with increasing accuracy, comprehensiveness and throughput. The resulting data sets highlight the interplay between chromatin and genome function, dynamic variations in chromatin structure across cellular conditions, and emerging roles for large-scale domains and higher-ordered chromatin organization. Here we review a selection of recent studies that have probed histone modifications and successive layers of chromatin structure in mammalian genomes, the patterns that have been identified and future directions for research.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            New nomenclature for chromatin-modifying enzymes.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory

              The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. DKD is an important contributor to the morbidity of patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating a clear need for an improved understanding of disease aetiology to inform the development of more efficacious treatments. DKD is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, hypertrophy, and fibrosis in kidney glomerular and tubular cells. Increasing evidence shows that genes associated with these features of DKD are regulated not only by classical signalling pathways, but also by epigenetic mechanisms, involving chromatin histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms can respond to changes in the environment and importantly, might mediate the persistent long-term expression of DKD-related genes and phenotypes induced by prior glycaemic exposure, despite subsequent glycaemic control, a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Detection of epigenetic events during the early stages of DKD could be valuable for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Identification of epigenetic signatures of DKD via epigenome-wide association studies might also inform precision medicine approaches. Here, we highlight the emerging role of epigenetics and epigenomics in DKD, and the translational potential of candidate epigenetic factors and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and drug targets for DKD.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                13 January 2020
                January 2020
                : 17
                : 2
                : 493
                Affiliations
                [1 ]City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; rnatarajan@ 123456coh.org (R.N.); daljaberz1996@ 123456yahoo.com (D.A.); dau@ 123456coh.org (D.A.); chthai@ 123456coh.org (C.T.); angsanchez@ 123456coh.org (A.S.); anunez@ 123456coh.org (A.N.); cresto@ 123456coh.org (C.R.); tachavez@ 123456coh.org (T.C.); vjones@ 123456coh.org (V.J.); jtomsic@ 123456coh.org (J.T.); jmccune@ 123456coh.org (J.S.M.); csistrunk@ 123456coh.org (C.S.); staceyndoan@ 123456gmail.com (S.D.); maserrano@ 123456coh.org (M.S.); rdcardiff@ 123456ucdavis.edu (R.D.C.); edietze@ 123456coh.org (E.C.D.)
                [2 ]City of Hope Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
                [3 ]Qualcomm Institute/Calit2, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; majankowska@ 123456eng.ucsd.edu (M.M.J.); jayyang@ 123456eng.ucsd.edu (J.-A.Y.)
                [4 ]Family Medicine and Public Health San Diego, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; tbenmarhnia@ 123456ucsd.edu
                [5 ]Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
                [6 ]Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: vseewaldt@ 123456coh.org
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1788
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-7999
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8688-1181
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-3089
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-0470
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-497X
                Article
                ijerph-17-00493
                10.3390/ijerph17020493
                7013753
                31941024
                80351fd0-2b46-4b6e-b68b-e66462efaac2
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 08 October 2019
                : 26 November 2019
                Categories
                Review

                Public health
                environment,breast cancer risk,empowerment
                Public health
                environment, breast cancer risk, empowerment

                Comments

                Comment on this article