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      Enhanced bioenergy and nutrients recovery from wastewater using hybrid anodes in microbial nutrient recovery system

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          Abstract

          Background

          The combined microbial fuel cell–microbial nutrient recovery system has lately been thoroughly explored from an engineering standpoint. The relevance of microbial communities in this process, on the other hand, has been widely underestimated.

          Results

          A lab-scale microbial nutrients recovery system was created in this work, and the microbial community structure was further defined, to give a thorough insight into the important microbial groups in the present system. We reported for the first-time different hybrid anodes of activated carbon and chitosan that were used in the microbial nutrient recovery system for bioenergy production, and, for the removal of COD and recovery of nutrients present in the wastewater. The hybrid anodic materials were studied to adapt electrochemically active bacteria for the recovery of nutrients and energy generation from wastewater without the need for an external source of electricity. The potential of the created hybrid anodes in terms of nutrients recovery, chemical oxygen demand elimination, and energy generation from municipal wastewater was thoroughly examined and compared with each other under similar operating conditions. When the COD loading was 718 mg/L, a total COD removal of ~ 79.2% was achieved with a hybrid activated carbon and chitosan anode having an equal ratio after 10 days of the operation cycle. The maximum power density estimated for hybrid anode (~ 870 mWm −2) was found.

          Conclusion

          Overall, this work reveals a schematic self-driven way for the collection and enrichment of nutrients (~ 72.9% phosphorus recovery and ~ 73% ammonium recovery) from municipal wastewater, as well as consistent voltage production throughout the operation.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02116-y.

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          Microbial fuel cells: From fundamentals to applications. A review

          Carlo Santoro, Catia Arbizzani, Benjamin Erable … (2017)
          In the past 10–15 years, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has captured the attention of the scientific community for the possibility of transforming organic waste directly into electricity through microbially catalyzed anodic, and microbial/enzymatic/abiotic cathodic electrochemical reactions. In this review, several aspects of the technology are considered. Firstly, a brief history of abiotic to biological fuel cells and subsequently, microbial fuel cells is presented. Secondly, the development of the concept of microbial fuel cell into a wider range of derivative technologies, called bioelectrochemical systems, is described introducing briefly microbial electrolysis cells, microbial desalination cells and microbial electrosynthesis cells. The focus is then shifted to electroactive biofilms and electron transfer mechanisms involved with solid electrodes. Carbonaceous and metallic anode materials are then introduced, followed by an explanation of the electro catalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction and its behavior in neutral media, from recent studies. Cathode catalysts based on carbonaceous, platinum-group metal and platinum-group-metal-free materials are presented, along with membrane materials with a view to future directions. Finally, microbial fuel cell practical implementation, through the utilization of energy output for practical applications, is described.
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            Microalgae-based wastewater treatment for nutrients recovery: a review

            Kun Li, Qiang Liu, Fan Fang … (2019)
            Article 0 comments Cited 128 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Power densities using different cathode catalysts (Pt and CoTMPP) and polymer binders (nafion and PTFE) in single chamber microbial fuel cells.

              Shaoan Cheng, Hong. Liu, Bruce Logan (2006)
              Cathode catalysts and binders were examined for their effect on power densities in single chamber, air-cathode, microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Chronopotentiometry tests indicated thatthe cathode potential was only slightly reduced (20-40 mV) when Pt loadings were decreased from 2 to 0.1 mg cm(-2), and that Nafion performed better as a Pt binder than poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). Replacing the precious-metal Pt catalyst (0.5 mg cm(-2); Nafion binder) with a cobalt material (cobalt tetramethylphenylporphyrin, CoTMPP) produced slightly improved cathode performance above 0.6 mA cm(-2), but reduced performance (<40 mV) at lower current densities. MFC fed batch tests conducted for 35 cycles (31 days) using glucose showed that replacement of the Nafion binder used for the cathode catalyst (0.5 mg of Pt cm(-2)) with PTFE reduced the maximum power densities (from 400 +/- 10 to 480 +/- 20 mW m(-2) to 331 +/- 3 to 360 +/- 10 mW m(-2)). When the Pt loading on cathode was reduced to 0.1 mg cm(-2), the maximum power density of MFC was reduced on average by 19% (379 +/- 5 to 301 +/- 15 mW m(-2); Nafion binder). Power densities with CoTMPP were only 12% (369 +/- 8 mW m(-2)) lower over 25 cycles than those obtained with Pt (0.5 mg cm(-2); Nafion binder). Power densities obtained using with catalysts on the cathodes were approximately 4 times more than those obtained using a plain carbon electrode. These results demonstrate that cathodes used in MFCs can contain very little Pt, and that the Pt can even be replaced with a non-precious metal catalyst such as a CoTMPP with only slightly reduced performance.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Kanwal Shahid: kanwal.shahid@lut.fi
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod
                Title: Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2731-3654
                Publication date (Electronic): 17 February 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 17 February 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 15
                Electronic Location Identifier: 19
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
                [2 ]GRID grid.4989.c, ISNI 0000 0001 2348 0746, Department 4MAT, , Université Libre de Bruxelles, ; Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50. CP 165/63, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
                [3 ]GRID grid.5373.2, ISNI 0000000108389418, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, , Aalto University, ; Aalto, Finland
                [4 ]GRID grid.56302.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1773 5396, Chemistry Department, College of Science, , King Saud University, ; Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
                [5 ]GRID grid.54549.39, ISNI 0000 0004 0369 4060, School of Resources and Environment, , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), ; NO. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731 People’s Republic of China
                [6 ]GRID grid.412113.4, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 1557, Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, , University Kebangsaan Malaysia, ; 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
                [7 ]GRID grid.430140.2, ISNI 0000 0004 1799 5083, School of Chemistry, , Shoolini University, ; Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
                [8 ]GRID grid.7048.b, ISNI 0000 0001 1956 2722, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, , Aarhus University, ; Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
                Article
                Publisher ID: 2116
                DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02116-y
                PMC ID: 8855553
                SO-VID: 80528c20-a15d-48c0-8662-900e8b052618
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                Date received : 18 November 2021
                Date accepted : 2 February 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: MVTT
                Categories
                Subject: Research
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2022

                Keywords: hybrid anodes,air cathode,microbial fuel cell,microbial nutrient recovery cell,nutrients recovery
                Data availability:
                Keywords: hybrid anodes, air cathode, microbial fuel cell, microbial nutrient recovery cell, nutrients recovery

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