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      Cáncer epitelial avanzado de ovario en un grupo de pacientes colombianas Translated title: Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in a group of colombian patients

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de 14 años del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia en el tratamiento de los estados avanzados de cáncer epitelial de ovario. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo tipo serie de casos que incluyó pacientes con cáncer epitelial de ovario en estados III y IV, las cuales fueron llevadas a tratamiento primario en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología entre el 1 de enero de 1997 y el 31 de diciembre de 2011. Resultados: Se identificación 119 pacientes para el período de interés. Con una mediana de edad de 56 años, la mayoría de pacientes presentó compromiso en el estado funcional (63,9%) e hipoalbuminemia (82,4%). El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el adenocarcinoma seroso (62,2%), y el grado histológico mal diferenciado ocurrió en el 63,3% de los casos. Un 94,1% de los pacientes presentó compromiso de superficies peritoneales, con afectación de abdomen superior en un 38,7% y enfermedad extraabdominal un 29,4%. Se tuvo como intención de tratamiento la cirugía primaria más quimioterapia adyuvante en el 89,1% de las pacientes, logrando una citorreducción óptima en el 25,2% de los casos. El 29% presentó progresión durante el tratamiento y en un 57% se registró recaída. La mediana de supervivencia libre de enfermedad fue de 16,61 meses, y la de supervivencia global, de 28,93 meses. Conclusiones: Las pacientes con cáncer epitelial de ovario avanzado de nuestro medio se presentan con alta carga tumoral y con un comportamiento agresivo de la enfermedad reflejado en un pobre resultado oncológico.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To describe fourteen years of experience of in the treatment of advanced stages of epithelial ovarian cancer in the National Cancer Institute of Colombia. Methods: A retrospective observational case series including patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in stages III and IV, who received primary treatment in National Cancer Institute of Colombia between January 1st, 1997 and December 31th, 2011. Results: A total of 119 patients were identified durin the study period. With a median age of 56 years, most patients showed functional status compromise (63.9%) and hypolbuminemia (82.4%). The most common histological type was serous adenocarcinoma (62.2%) and there was poorly differentiated histological grade in 63.3% of cases. Almost all (94.1%) patients had peritoneal surfaces compromise with involvement of the upper abdomen in 38.7% and extra-abdominal disease in 29.4%. Treatment with primary surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy was performed on 89.1%, achieving optimal cytoreduction in 25.2%; 29% of cases showed progression during treatment, and 57% of them relapsed. The median disease-free survival was 16.61 months, and the overall survival was 28.93 months. Conclusions: In our setting, patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer have a high tumor burden and aggressive behavior of the disease, reflected in a poor oncological outcome.

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          Most cited references29

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          What is the optimal goal of primary cytoreductive surgery for bulky stage IIIC epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC)?

          Recent studies have suggested that the definition of optimal cytoreduction for advanced EOC should be changed from the current Gynecologic Oncology Group threshold of 2 cm, 34 months. Statistical comparison between the 5 residual disease categories revealed 3 distinct groups with significantly different survival rates (P 1 cm residual. Although the difference in survival did not reach statistical significance, within the gross < or =1 cm residual group, there was a trend toward improved survival in pts left with smaller volume, < or =0.5 cm residual compared with those with 0.6-1.0 cm residual (P = 0.06). Our data suggest that removal of all evidence of macroscopic disease is associated with prolonged survival and should be the goal of primary cytoreductive surgery. If complete gross resection is not feasible, however, cytoreduction to as minimal residual tumor as possible should be the focus of cytoreductive efforts, as each incremental decrease in residual disease below 1 cm may be associated with an incremental improvement in overall survival.
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            Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval surgical cytoreduction for advanced ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis.

            To determine the overall survival and relative effect of multiple prognostic variables in cohorts of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer treated with platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lieu of primary cytoreductive surgery. Twenty-two cohorts of patients with Stage III and IV ovarian cancer (835 patients) were identified from articles in MEDLINE (1989-2005). Linear regression models, with weighted correlation calculations, were used to assess the effect on median survival time of the proportion of each cohort undergoing maximum interval cytoreduction, proportion of patients with Stage IV disease, median number of pre-operative chemotherapy cycles, median age, and year of publication. The mean weighted median overall survival time for all cohorts was 24.5 months. The weighted mean proportion of patients in each cohort undergoing maximal interval cytoreduction was 65.0%. Each 10% increase in maximal cytoreduction was associated with a 1.9 month increase in median survival time (p=0.027). Median overall survival was positively correlated with platinum-taxane chemotherapy (p<0.001) and increasing year of publication (p=0.004) and negatively correlated with the proportion of Stage IV disease (p=0.002). Each incremental increase in pre-operative chemotherapy cycles was associated with a decrease in median survival time of 4.1 months (p=0.046). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lieu of primary cytoreduction is associated with inferior overall survival compared to initial surgery. Increasing percent maximal cytoreduction is positively associated with median cohort survival; however, the negative survival effect of increasing number of chemotherapy cycles prior to interval surgery suggests that definitive operative intervention should be undertaken as early in the treatment program as possible.
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              Optimal primary surgical treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

              Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer among women. In addition to diagnosis and staging, primary surgery is performed to achieve optimal cytoreduction (surgical efforts aimed at removing the bulk of the tumour) as the amount of residual tumour is one of the most important prognostic factors for survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer. An optimal outcome of cytoreductive surgery remains a subject of controversy to many practising gynae-oncologists. The Gynaecologic Oncology group (GOG) currently defines 'optimal' as having residual tumour nodules each measuring 1 cm or less in maximum diameter, with complete cytoreduction (microscopic disease) being the ideal surgical outcome. Although the size of residual tumour masses after surgery has been shown to be an important prognostic factor for advanced ovarian cancer, it is unclear whether it is the surgical procedure that is directly responsible for the superior outcome that is associated with less residual disease. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of optimal primary cytoreductive surgery for women with surgically staged advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (stages III and IV).To assess the impact of various residual tumour sizes, over a range between zero and 2 cm, on overall survival. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 3) and the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Review Group Trials Register, MEDLINE and EMBASE (up to August 2010). We also searched registers of clinical trials, abstracts of scientific meetings, reference lists of included studies and contacted experts in the field. Retrospective data on residual disease from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective and retrospective observational studies which included a multivariate analysis of 100 or more adult women with surgically staged advanced epithelial ovarian cancer and who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. We only included studies that defined optimal cytoreduction as surgery leading to residual tumours with a maximum diameter of any threshold up to 2 cm. Two review authors independently abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. Where possible, the data were synthesised in a meta-analysis. There were no RCTs or prospective non-RCTs identified that were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of surgery when performed as a primary procedure in advanced stage ovarian cancer.We found 11 retrospective studies that included a multivariate analysis that met our inclusion criteria. Analyses showed the prognostic importance of complete cytoreduction, where the residual disease was microscopic that is no visible disease, as overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly prolonged in these groups of women. PFS was not reported in all of the studies but was sufficiently documented to allow firm conclusions to be drawn.When we compared suboptimal (> 1 cm) versus optimal ( 2 cm and 1 cm should prompt the surgical community to retain this category and consider re-defining it as 'near optimal' cytoreduction, reserving the term 'suboptimal' cytoreduction to cases where the residual disease is > 1 cm (optimal/near optimal/suboptimal instead of complete/optimal/suboptimal).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcc
                Revista Colombiana de Cancerología
                rev.colomb.cancerol.
                Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E.S.E. (Bogotá )
                0123-9015
                October 2013
                : 17
                : 4
                : 142-148
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Colombia
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Colombia
                [4 ] Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Colombia
                Article
                S0123-90152013000400003
                80664b28-31fc-4dfd-b767-e6798662a1c2

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0123-9015&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Ovarian neoplasms,Therapy,Neoadjuvant therapy,Surgery,Cáncer de ovario,Tratamiento,Terapia neoadyuvante,Cirugía

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